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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are fought
1) Woman fought in the Crusades
2) Religious war between Christians and Muslims
3) Pope called on western Christians to aid the Byzantines and recapture the holy land from Muslim's control.
4) The result was the capture of Jerusalem in 1099
5) During the Crusader period medical knowledge was highly valued and constituted one of the crucial points of contact between eastern and western cultures. -
1300
Renaissance begins
1) rebirth of interest in ancient Greece and Rome
2) Italians would become wealthy through trade
3) Italians new ideas started to spread throughout all Europe
4) Ended in year 1789
5) Artists looked back on past art done by the Greek and from Rome -
1337
100 years' war begins
1) A war between England and France
2) Started after the back plague
3) Gun powder weapons
4) Actually lasted for 116 years
5) Was fought in France -
1347
Black death begins in Europe
1) 12 Genoese trading ships dock at the Sicilian port of Messina
2) Transmitted by coughing and being in contact with someone who has it.
3) Huge boils on neck and groin
4) Started from fleas on rats
5) Killed 50 million people -
1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
1) Trial lasted over a year
2) Burned for charges of heresy
3) She claimed to hear voices from St. Micheal
4) She was 19 years old when she was burned
5) was tried for witchcraft and heresy -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
1) The first thing that was printed was the bible
2) He borrowed 800 guilders from a local financier, Johan Fust
3) Fust sued him and won.
4) Before the Printing Press, he sold metal mirrors
5) He also created oil based paint -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constanople
1) Sultan Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Turks, led the assault.
2) resulting in the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes.
3) The negative side of the impact was that the Black Sea trade crashed as the Ottoman Empire essentially started a monopoly for trade.
4) the Ottoman Turks at last had control of the Balkans.
5) Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Army, under the command Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
1) Muslims converted to catholic were targeted
2) began under Ferdinand and Isabella
3) The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy
4) Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to purify with Catholicism to unite Spain
5) They kicked out Jew, protestants, and other non-believers -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
1) He didn't discover America, he landed in South America
2) He arrived in the Bahamas in 1492
3) Born in Italy
4) Died in Spain
5) He set sail from the Spanish port of Palos -
Period: 1492 to 1500
Columbian Exchange
1) The interchange of plants, animals, and diseases
2) Between the new and old land
3) The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic.
4) The Columbian Exchange happened because Christopher Columbus "discovered" the New World and other Europeans subsequently followed in his path.
5) The Columbian Exchange explains why Indian nations collapsed and European colonies thrived after Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. -
Period: 1500 to
Slave trade
1) forced migration of between 12 - 15 million people from Africa to the Western Hemisphere
2) Europeans introduced a form of slavery that devastated African life and society.
3) diminished Africa's prospective to develop economically and uphold its social and politicals
4) divided into two eras, known as the First and Second Atlantic Systems
5) Portuguese kidnapped africans to take those they enslaved back to Europe -
1503
Mona Lisa completed
1) Made by Leonardo da Vinci
2) Made in Florence Italy
3) Mona Lisa's smile changes depending on where you look at it
4) It took 4 years to make
5) He painted it for Francesco del Giocondo, of his wife. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
1)Michelangelo worked on the Sistine Chapel for about 4 years 2) He painted the roof by putting/building scaffolds to get up to the ceiling 3) He was painting it under the direction of Pope Sixtus IV 4) Michelangelo had considered himself more of a sculptor, he did not think he was very well at using a brush or painting 5) Some of the painting on the ceiling shows the old testament. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
1) Had 6 wives
2) Was second Tudor Monarch
3) Was crowned at age 9
4) His mother was Elizabeth of York
5) His children were Henry VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I -
1513
"The Price"
1) Written by Machiavelli
2) Published after his death
3) The book was dedicated to Lorenzo
4) The book is about how to acquire and maintain political power
5) He wrote the book to be favored by Lorenzo -
1517
Martin Luther port 95 theses
1) List of propositions for academic disputation
2) calling for a debate on relationship between money and religion
3) Thought the church was using people for their money.
4) Printed by the Johannes printing press
5) Put at the door of a church -
1521
Cortez conquers the Aztecs
1) led by Hernando Cortes.
2) Hernan Cortéz invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire
3) He was the spanish conquistador that conquered the Aztecs.
4) Spanish explorer Hernan Cortés encountered the Aztecs in 1519 and conquered them in 1521, claiming their empire for Spain.
5)Tenochtitlán was an Aztec city that flourished between A.D. 1325 and 1521. -
Period: 1530 to
Ivan the terrible's reign
1) His childhood involved a lot of his family dying in front of his eyes and made him kind of insane.
2) He was the first Tsar of Russia.
3) He expanded the borders with his military and expanded trade.
4) Established a absolute monarchy in Russia.
5) Ivan the terrible is also known as Ivan the IV. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth Reign
1) Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess
2) Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.
3) Queen Elizabeth II has made history by becoming the longest reigning monarch in Britain.
4) Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales
5) Queen Mother died in her sleep at the Royal Lodge -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
1) Also called Catholic Reformation
2) Began with the Council of Trent
3) The reaction of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation
4) Lasted until 1648
5) The Jesuit order played an important role in the Counter-Reformation and eventually succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
1) also called the Augsburg Settlement
2) the Schmalkaldic League, signed on September 1555
3) signed at the imperial city of Augsburg.
4) temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation
5) Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands -
Spanish Armada
1) The defeat of the Spanish Armada was one of England's greatest military achievements
2) Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake.
3)the Spanish Armada began a long and difficult journey back to Spain
4)Philip's plan was that an armada of 130 ships would sail to the Netherlands
5) Queen elizabeth -
Edict of Nantes
1)Gave the huguenots rights to free religion.
2) It ended the wars of religion.
3)The Edict of Nantes was signed by King Henry IV.
4) Ended the war between Roman Catholics and Protestants.
5) The wars had been going on since about the 1560's. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
1) began as provincial warriors before rising to power in the 12th century with the beginning of the country's first military dictatorship, known as the shogunate.
2) In 1185, Japan began to be governed by warriors or samurai.
3) The victor, Taira no Kiyomori, became an imperial advisor and was the first warrior to attain such a position.
4) their descendants still enjoy an edge in Japanese society.
5) the samurai no longer exist, but the Japanese culture is still influenced by them. -
William Shakespeare's Death
1) There is no record of his death, only his funeral
2) People say that he died of a fever
3) He was an English poet, playwright, and actor
4) He was buried in Stratford, Warwickshire
5) Anne Hathaway was his wife -
Petition of rights
1) Major English document that says what the king is not allowed to do.
2) The petition of rights keeps the Kings power limited and prevents absolute monarchy.
3) The king was forced to sign the document by parliament.
4) Petition of Rights was signed by Charles I.
5) Many citizens before were unhappy with how King Charles I was ruling. -
King Charles the first executed
1) The Monarch of three kingdoms.
2) Ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland. Married a Catholic Princess which the Protestant people did not like.
3) First king to be tried and executed.
4) The official executioner is unknown but there is many leads.
5)Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess. -
Lord George McCartney Expelled
1) Macartney Mission, was the first British diplomatic mission to China
2) was a British statesman, colonial administrator and diplomat.
3) Macartney was created a viscount in the Irish peerage in 1792 and an earl in 1794
4) he was raised to the British peerage as Baron Macartney in 1796
5) He retired in 1798 in ill health. -
Period: to
Opium War
1) Between Britain and Imperial China
2) Over the attempts of the Chinese authorities to stop the growing influx of foreign-produced Opium
3) Opium is a drug
4) The war ended with an unequal treaty
5) The British received assistance from other Countries
