100 Years War

Treaty of Paris

Dec 4, 1259

In an act of concession, Henry III of England declaed himself a vassal of the French cron under Louis IX. For his allegiance, Henry was able to retain the lands of Gascony and Aquitaine.

End of the Capetians

Feb 1, 1328

With the death of Charles IV, who had not fathered any children, the Capetian Dynasty in France came to an end. Rather than appointing Edward II of England, Charles' closest male relative, as the king of France, French Barons crowned Philip VI from the House of Valois.

Edward III takes England

Apr 19, 1330

Edward II was murdered by the lover of his wife, Queen Isabella. Isabella's lover, Roger Mortimer, became the de facto ruler of England while Edward and Isabella's son, Edward III, was too young to rule. Eventually, Edward III had mortimer captured and killed and thus took over England.

England Engages Scotland

Jul 19, 1333

In 1333, England became embroiled in the Second Scottish War for Independence by attacking at Halidon Hill. Scotland was an ally of France at the time and Philip VI began to make plans to help Scotland with their conflict. England eventually won the war before France could intervene.

War Begins

May 24, 1337

In response to Edward III giving refuge to Robert III of Artois, a shamed advisor to Philip VI who commited forgery, Philip confiscated Aquitaine from Edward, and thus started the Hundred Years War.

Breton War of Succession Begins

Apr 30, 1341

A war over who would rule over Brittany broke out in 1341. Englsnd decided to back the House of Montfort while the French backed the House of Blois. Battle of the Thirty

Battle of Crécy

Aug 26, 1346

Taking place in northern France, the Battle of Crécy ended as a decisive English victory. British longbowmen barrage the slower French crossbowmen and allowed for the British knights to take down the frazzled French lines.

Crowning of John II

Aug 22, 1350

Following the death of his father, Philip IV, John II was named King of France.

Battle of Poitiers

Sep 19, 1356

Edward III's son, Edward the Black Prince, handed France a defeat in 1356 at Poitiers. During the battle, the King of France, John II, was captured. He was released following the Second Treaty of London, which promised land and money to the British, but neither of those promises were kept. An Account ofThe Battle of Poitiers

Treaty of Brétigny

May 8, 1360

In 1360, the Treaty of Brétigny was signed. It gave Edward III Aquitaine, and in exchange, he was to give up his pursuit of the French crown. Following the treaty, Edward III's son, Edward the Black Prince, was named the Duke of Aquitaine.

Monfort takes Brittany

Sep 29, 1364

The deciding battle of the Breton War of Succession was the Battle of Auray. There, Montfort defeated Blois and the British-backed house took over Brittany.

Crowning of Richard II

Jun 21, 1377

Following the death of Edward III, his grandson, Richard II, took the throne of England. Edward's son, the Duke of Aquitaine, had died before he could take the crown.

Earl of Buckinham pillages Nantes

Jul 8, 1380

In order to aid his ally, the Duke of Brittany, the Earl of Buckingham took an expedition to Calais in July 1380 and pillaged Nantes.

Henry V lands in Harfleur

Aug 11, 1415

Henry V began his campaign in France in 1415 when he landed in Harfleur in northern France. That same year, He went on to win a large victory against the French in Agincourt Historians Reassess Battle of Agincourt

Henry V Takes Caen

Sep 4, 1417

Continuing his campaign in France, Henry V won a decisive victory in Caen. As he proceeded with his army, the French decame more and more desperate and fearful.

Rouen and Normandy fall to British

Jan 19, 1419

In January 1419, Rouen surrendered to Henry V. With the fall of Rouen came the fall of Normandy to the British as well. Impressed by their display of power, Burgundy joined the British forces.

Treaty of Troyes

May 21, 1420

In 1420, Henry V and Charles VI sign the Treaty or Troyes. Henry also married Catherine of Valois, thus bringing the houses together. Their son would be named the King of both France and England while Charles VI's son, the Dauphin, would not take the French throne.

Crowning of Henry VI

Aug 31, 1422

With the death of Henry V, Henry VI took the throne of England. On October 21, 1422, Charles VI died as well, leaving the throne to Henry VI. Although he was disinherited form the crown, the Dauphin, Charles VII, countinued to fight for the French throne.

Siege of Orléans

Oct 12, 1428

The Earl of Salisbury began his 7 month siege of the city of Orléans on the Loire River. England, for the most part, had been successful over the French during the war up to this point and the French were becoming desperate.

Joan of Arc Saves France

May 8, 1429

Following the arrival of Joan of Arc, a peasant girl who believed she was given divine direction to help the French defeat the British, the French forces were able to expel the weakened British from Orléans . Joan of Arc Video

The Dauphin is Crowned

Jul 17, 1429

Charles VII, the son of previous king Charles VI, was crowned the King of France at Reims Cathedral, thus deposing Henry VI from the French throne.

Capture of Joan of Arc

May 23, 1430

On May 23, 1430, Joan of Arc was captured during an engagement in Compiègne. She was taken to Rouen to be tried and later be convicted of heresy.

Martyrdom of Joan of Arc

May 30, 1431

Joan of Arc, convicted of heresy in a Rouen court, was burned at the stake. Following her martyrdom, Joan was made one of the patron saints of France.

Burgandy Joins France

Sep 21, 1435

As France started making swift gains against England, Burgandy switched from an alliance with England to an alliance with France. This was done through the Treaty of Arras.

End to War

Jul 14, 1453

Having been almost completely pushed out of France, England made one last effort to hold onto French land. The Earl of Shrewsbury, John Tablot, engage the French forces at Castillion in Gascony. The French were able to repel the British, finally removing them form the country and bringing an end to the war. The only British stake in France was Calais in Flanders.