-
1299
Ottoman Empire Begins
Political: This is a new Empire that will have great power in later years. -
1389
Battle of Kosovo
Political: This battle increased the power of the Ottomans and gave them more land -
1396
Conquest of Bulgaria
Economic: This battle gave lots of resources to the Ottomans and overall made them stronger -
1444
Battle of Varna
Religion: This was a battle during the crusades which spread the Islamic religion and fought off Christian powers. -
1453
Ottomans take over Constantnople
Political: This was the capital of the Byzantine empire so this was a huge conquests for the Ottomans. -
1481
Death of Mehmed ll
Political: This was the Ottomans great leader and he led many battles to get the Ottoman Empire it’s power in its early years. -
Jan 1, 1500
1500
-
1500
Political
The imperial government operated factories for the production of ceramics and silks -
1500
Neo-Confucianism institutes new attitudes
Social: Confucianism and its growing influence in Korea has given new insights on how they viewed women's roles in their society whereas they now saw that when a woman was married she would be removed from her original families register. -
Period: 1500 to
Russia: Influences of Orthodox faith and Islam
Religious: As the Russian Empire expanded and eventually took control of Siberia, religious beliefs spread. The Orthodox faith was trying to convert people over the region, while Islam remained its religious dominance. -
Period: 1500 to
Russian Lifestyle
Social: Many of the people living in Russia were farmers and hunters. Because of this role they had, it shows that the society strongly relied on agriculture for their existence. -
Period: 1500 to
Political
The Ming Empire fueled their own fall. In contrast to the growing economy in Europe, the Ming Empire continued to to suffer because of the governments decision to produce paper money, bad political decisions, and corruption. -
Period: 1500 to
Economic
Provinces in the Ming Empire suffered from price inflation, due to the influx of silver, and this inevitable caused economic problems and aided in the downfall of the Ming Empire. -
Period: 1500 to
The Cossacks in the Russian Empire
Social: The people that lived on the outer parts of the Russian Empire as herders, merchants, and outlaws were called the Cossacks. They were very significant to the empire because they were the soldiers and settlers needed by the Strogonov family and they founded most of the Russian towns in Siberia. -
1501
Ismail I
Ismail becomes the Safavid ruler -
1502
The establishment of the Safavid Empire
Political & Religious: Ismail Safavi declares Iran a Shi'ite state and establishes the Safavid Empire. -
1506
Jungjong is King
Political:The coronation of the new King Jongjing was in an integral part of taking another step forward because of how bad of a ruler his half brother was before him, Yeonsangun, being that he was guided by emotion and often killed government officials that didn't support him and the coup to dethrone him turned a new leaf. -
1510
Conquest of Iran
Political: Shah Ismail conquers the whole of Iran -
1514
The Battle of Chaldiran
Political: The Safavid is defeated by the Turks -
1514
East Antolia is under Turkish Control
Political: The Ottomans we’re taking more and more land from the Europeans which cut off even more of their resources -
1516
Selim l conquers Egypt and Syria
Political: This made the Ottomans have way more control of their area -
1517
Egyptians Lost to the Ottomans
Political: Ottomans were able to move all the way West to stop and Expnsion or trade coming from Europe -
1519
Third Literati Purge of 1519
Intellectual/Arts: The Third Literati of 1519 was a series of political purges in which it was because of how the Sarim faction was able to obtain to much political power and at the time was able to initiate a multitude of significant reforms. Which was important because it caused decades of chaotic court arguments. -
1520
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent; peak of Ottoman Empire
Economic: The Ottomans were making the most at this time -
1520
Ottomans by 1520
Political: The Ottomans had all of Anatolia and spread to surround the border of Hungry and moved west to take Egypt and parts of the coast -
1523
Ningbo Incident
Political; A fight between Japanese and Chinese trade officials leads to a long disruption of Chinese-Japanese trade and strongly harming relations between the two. -
1524
Tahmasp I
Tahmasp becomes the ruler -
1526
Establishment of the Mughal empire.
Political: Babur defeats the sultan of Delhi and establishes the Mughal empire. -
1529
First Ottoman siege of Vienna
Political: This showed that the ottomans were strong and they also gained more land -
1530
Humayan becomes ruler
Political: Babur dies and his son Humayan succeeds him.. -
1533
Baghdad falls
Political: Baghdad is overrun by the Ottoman Turk forces as the Safavid government flees -
1533
Turks Take Over Iraq
Political: The Ottomans were always right under the Europeans but they are also taking land in Asia to grow bigger. -
Period: 1533 to
Rule of Prince Ivan IV over Russia
Political: During his rule, Ivan IV helped Muscovy with his conquests towards the east and south. By doing this, he helped start Russia's expansion into other surrounding areas. -
1540
Jesuit Missionaries Arrive in Japan
Religious; Jesuit missionaries follow the Portuguese into Japan, attempting to spread the tenets of Catholicism. These religious intrusions would later on provoke Japan to go into seclusion, closing its borders. -
1543
Portuguese Merchants Reach Japan
Economic; A Persian trade ship crashed onto Japanese shores, introducing Europe to Japan and beginning European attempts at the Westernization of the nation. This begins the Spanish/Portuguese monopoly over Asian luxury trade. -
1543
Humayan's Exile
Political: Humayan is exiled to Afghanistan after being defeated by Sher Shah Suri. -
1547
Russian ruler used title tsar
Political: By giving the Russian ruler the title of tsar, it established and further emphasized their rank and power over the empire. -
Jan 1, 1550
1550
-
Period: 1550 to
Political
Galden, building on the Mongol unified by their devotion to Dalai Lama, re-made Mongolia the regional military power around 1600. (This started in the late 1500s) -
1555
Humayan retakes control
political: After turmoil among Sher's successors Humayan sneakly retakes control of the Mughal empire. -
1556
Akbar the great
Political: Humayan falls down some stairs and dies so his 13 year old son Akbar succeeds him. -
1560
Battle of Okehazama
Poitical; A brutal battle that established Oda Nobunaga as a master warrior and beginning his path to becoming the Daimyo, this altered the political landscape in Japan. -
Period: 1560 to 1570
Akbar controls most of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
Political/geographic: after a series of campaigns starting with Babur, Akbar is able to takes most of India -
1569
Birth of Jahangir
Social: With the birth of Jahangir a Muslim and Hindu heritage is established into the Mughal monarchy -
1571
Ottoman naval defeat at Lepanto
Political: This increased the power and the control -
1579
Azuchi Religious Debates
Religion; Perturbed by violence between religions in Japan, Oda Nobunaga seeks to settle matters with a debate. This debate creates less open environment for new religions and declares that those who propogate fighting between religions shall be executed. -
1582
Russia: The Strogonovs destroyed the Khanate of Sibir
Political/Economic: The Strogonovs lead a Russian expedition into Siberia and defeated the political control of the Khanate of Sibir. By gaining control over the region, Russia was able to spread their power, gain access to resources, and use the area as a place to hold their prisoners. -
Ottoman Technologies of War
Economic: The Ottomans has enough many and resources that they made lightweight weapons and guns but also cannons. -
Abbas I
Political & Art: Abbas I becomes ruler and during his rule makes some of the finest art in Iranian history -
1589 Rebellion of Jeong Yeo-Rip
Social: Known for being one of the most bloodiest political purges in Korea's history, because at the time the conflict was between the Eastern and Western factions and so a scholar was accused of high treason which lead to the deaths of around 1,000 Easterners. -
Treaty of Constantinople
Political: A treaty is signed by the Ottomans and the Safavid ruled by Abbas I for unconditional peace -
Building the Turtle Ships
Political: Being that the Koreans were heavily outnumbered by the Japanese in terms of numerical fighting forces the Koreans made up for it with more superior fighting ships called Geobukseons and turned the tide on the war giving them an edge in naval battles. -
Siege of Odawara
Political; Toyotomi Hideyoshi crushes the Hojo clan, the only clan to challenge his power, this ensures his rule continues into the near future. -
Korea is invaded by Japan
Political: Japan chose Kampaku Toyotomi Hideyoshi to lead two main invasions against Korea, by targeting the Korean Peninsula, Korea suffered heavy environmental and economic losses which seemed to permeate as the years went by. -
Battle of Okpo
Political: The Battle of Okpo was the first major naval battle of the Imjin War whereas after two days of fighting Admiral Yi was able to pull through against the Japanese. This is important because of it was the first major naval battle victory for the Koreans and so it gave them a sense of confidence against the larger Japanese force. -
Period: to
Japan Invasion of Korea
Political; In coninuation with its imperialist attitudes, Japan moves to invade Korea, but fail. Despite being pushed back however, the Japanese devastate the Korean landscape and create an eternal blood feud between the two nations. -
Ming sends troops to Korea
Political: Ming China was able to send a large force of troops to help Korea in 1593 and this is important because this shows the loyalty that Ming Empire had for one of their most politically and economically partnered nations, their help also really pushed back the Japanese forces in a time of need. -
Battle of Myeongnyang
Political: The Battle of Myeongnyang was a battle fought by the Koreans defending the Myeongnyang Strait by the invading Japanese force and the Koreans under the command of Admiral Yi. Despite only having around 13 ships versus around 300 that the Japanese had, the Koreans were able defeat them through superior tactics and ships and stopped their resupply to the Japanese forces on land. -
Isfahan
Political: The city of Isfahan was declared Iran's capital in 1598 -
Battle of Noryang
Political: The Battle of Noryang was known as the last major naval battle between the Japanese and the Koreans, whereas the Japanese force of 500 ships was trying to leave the waters of Korea but was met by the Chinese-Korean naval force of about 150 ships. The Chinese-Korean Army defeated the Japanese and they escaped with only about 50 of their ships, the victory in this battle seemingly ended the 7 years war. -
Hideyoshi dies, not before withdrawing troops from Korea
Political: Hideyoshi's death the Japanese was a prime factor for the withdrawal and eventual surrender of the Japanese army from the invasions upon Korea. This was important because it was able to let peace negotiations to finally start taking place. -
Battle of Noryang
Political; The final battle in Japan's invasion of Korea in which the Koreans, with the aid of the Chinese, force the Japanese off the peninsula. -
1600
-
Battle of Sekigahara
Political; A decisive battle, which solidified Tokugawa's rule and led to the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. -
Ming to Qing (1600-1699)
Social:
In the 1600's, the elite class created a brilliant culture in which novels, operas, poetry, porcelain, and painting were all closely interwoven. -
Struggling Russian Empire
Economic: The Russian Empire tried to strongly emphasize their greatness and well-being in society and the economy. Significantly, the empire was struggling because it was poor, had no access to outside contacts, and had a non influential government. -
Application of the Yangban
Social: The Koreans soon implemented the fact that one must be born into the yangban(which was referring to the "two orders", which contained the civil and elite military families) in order for them to get an examination to work in the status of a higher up within the government. -
Korea stops the production of Buncheong
Intellectual/Arts: Buncheong being such a traditional piece of Korean craziness had given Korean potters a lot of work and passion but with the assimilation of porcelain came the end of buncheong, which was important because buncheong was such a widely accepted commodity in Korean homes. -
The Little Ice Age
Political: The little ice age destroyed the Ottomans with very cold temperatures destroyed food sorted and caused people to die from starvation, this weakend them. -
Social
In Jingdezhen workers threw themselves into the Kilns to protest working conditions. -
Tokugawa Ieyasu Comes to Power
Political; Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes the Daimyo of Japan, eventually establishing the Tokugawa Shogunate and relocating the capital to Edo. -
Ieyasu Replaced by Son Hidetada
Political; Tokugawa Ieyasu abdicates from office, leaving power to his heir Hidetada, ensuring the continuation of the Japanese prosperity under the Tokugawa shogunate. -
Jahangir becomes ruler
Political: Akbar the great passes away and Jahangir has big shoes to fill -
Dutch and British Reach Japan
Economic; Dutch and British merchants break into the Spanish controlled Asian spice trade, establishing contact with Japan and ushering in a new era of Eastern trade. -
Period: to
Russia: Rule of Mikhail Romanov
Political: Other European forces had established their powers near Russia. As a result, the boyars (Russian aristocracy) allowed fo Mikhail Romanov to create their own Russian force so they should establish their own power. -
Christianity is Banned in Japan
Religion; Japan disallows the practice of crhistianity by foreigners and nationals alike, this creates religious tensions. -
Seven Grievances against Ming China
Political: Nurhaci(Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens) had declared the Seven Grievances against the Ming China, which had resulted in numerous military conflicts against the Ming Empire. The Seven Grievances was a manifesto(public declaration) on the thirteenth day of the 4th lunar moon basically declaring war. -
Mughal art highpoint
Art/social: Jahangir a connoisseur of art furthers art of the Mughal empire with European influence -
First Manchu Invasion
Political: The First Manchu Invasion was lead by Later Jin in retaliation for Korea supporting the Ming's fight against the Manchu. The 3 month long invasion was eventually put to a stop when the two nations had come to a peace settlement, and this is important because Korea will just continue to defy the Manchus. -
Streak lost
Social/Religious: Shah Jahan son of Jahangir ruins the Mughal's legacy of religious tolerance by destroying Hindu temples. -
The Taj Mahal
Art: Shah Jahan builds the Taj mahal as a burial for his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal -
Sakoku Edict
Political; Japanese were restricted from traveling abroad, as well as this the edict closed down ports and relegated trade, pushing Japan further into isolation. -
Japan Closes its Ports
Economic; In an attempt to prevent westernization, the Tokugawa Shogunate barred trade with the West, hurting European luxury economies. -
2nd Manchu Invasion
Political: The 2nd Manchu Invasion of Korea was continued tension between Joseon Korea and the Manchus because the Koreans continued to aid the Chinese and so the Manchus were able to sever their relationship with the Ming Empire. -
Shimabara Rebellion
Political/Religious; Angered over the persecution of christianity, peasants revolt against the Japanese governments, showcasing the religious tension caused by the illegalization of christianity. -
Russians in the Amur River Valley
Economic: After gaining control of Siberia, Russians in the Amur River Valley began growing grain to help establish and expand their settlement -
Japan Goes Isolationist
Political; Japan bars all foreigners save for the Dutch and Chinese from entering Japanese ports, in an attempt to stem the flow of christianity and westernization. -
The Kan'ei Great Famine
Economic; Due to government overspending, natural disasters, and disease a massive famine erupts in Japan, killing as many as 100,000, and crippling Japan. -
Political
The Ming Empire fell to the Manchu in 1644, and the Ming Empire became the Qing Empire -
Period: to
Political
The Imjin War caused the Ming Empire to get help from the Manchu troops, but after the death of rebel leader Li Zincheng, Manchu forces claimed China and started a forty year goal to claim the rest of the Ming Empire -
Period: to
Social
The little ice age that lasted from 1645 to the 1700s created agricultural distress and famine, which lead to rebellions that hastened the fall of the Ming Empire. -
Russian: New law transformed peasants into serfs
Social: After warfare in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, landlords wanted to have more control over the peasants that worked on their land. When a new law was passed, it changed the role of peasants into serfs and made them strongly bound to their masters. -
1650
-
Hendrick Hamel shipwrecks on Jeju island
Social: Hendrick Hamel was the first Western sailor to be able to provide his experiences and stories of Korea firsthand and share it to the rest of the world when it was written down into his journal. Where he and his men were then moved to Seoul and were not allowed to leave, but somehow managed to escape, this is important because it shows the regard that Korea had for foreign peoples at the time. -
Period: to
Political
Under the rule of emperor Kangxi (KAHNG-shee), the new Qing Empire saw renewed economic, military, and cultural achievements in China. -
Period: to
Political/Economic
The rule of Kangxi aided in the renewal of economic, military, and cultural achievements in China -
Period: to
Political
Kangxi accomplished many feet’s during his rule from a very young age. He sparred with regents, politically, until at 16yrs old he executed the chief regent and gained full control of the government. But, he didn’t stop there, Kangxi, also masted Chinese, Manchu, and Mongolian; as well as maintained stability and imperial expansion until his death in 1722. -
Second Siege Of Vienna Failed
Political:!After the Little Ice Age and revolts the Ottomans were weak and they lost Vienna and would continue to lose -
Ottomans Forced out of Vienna Italy
Political: The Europeans at this time were in America so they were gaining back money to take back their land -
Kasuke Uprising
Political; The largest uprising in Japan in its time, peasants rose up in protest of heavy taxation. This resulted in the deaths of many revolutionary leaders and its failure discouraged later rebels. -
Death of Mehmed lV
Political: This was the last of the big leaders in the Ottoman Empire -
Political or/and Social
After prolonged war and dispute, the Qing Empire and Russian signed a peace treaty dubbed “Treaty of Nerchinsk” : which fixed the boarders between the two along the Amur River and regulates trade. -
Russia: Peter the Great came to rule
Political: When Princess Sophia tried taking over the government, Peter sent her to a monastery, renounced Ivan's throne, and took control over Russia. He was only a teen when he began his influential rule over the empire. -
Period: to
Peter the Great ruled over Russia
Political: Peter the Great ruled over Russia with complete control and implemented reforms to help transform and expand the Russian society. -
Russia: Peter's forces took control of the port of Azov
Political/Economic: Since Russia didn't have much access to any ports, Peter created a navy and had them seize the port of Azov. By doing this, Russia was able to have a navy and had opportunity to receive goods and resources through this port. -
Period: to
Peter the Great travels to Europe
Political: In disguise, Peter travelled to Europe to go and see how other European societies were becoming successful. After his travels, he went back to Russia and began implementing reforms to make the empire wealth and powerful. -
1700
-
Period: to
Creating contact between Russia and Europe
Political: Peter's army ended the Swedish control over the Baltic Sea. As a result, other European nations began to recognize Russia as a force and began forming contact with them. -
Period: to
Political/ Social
The Qing Empire went bankrupt after the domestic revenue decline with need for silver but relunctance to loosen import restrictions, this coupled with the East India Company (EIC) terrible worldwide holding management lead to the Qing Empire attempting to manipulate Parliament. -
St. Petersburg becomes Russia's capital
Political/Arts: After Peter captured land from Sweden, he built the city of St. Petersburg. When it became the capital of Russia, Peter had architects build buildings and homes to emphasize the significance and culture of the capital city. -
Transforming the Russian society
Social: After St. Petersburg was established as Russia's capital, Peter wanted to transform the people's look in society. He did this by having the people become accustomed towards the Western style fashion. By doing this, he wanted to show the society's sophistication since it was increasing development. -
Russia loses port of Azov
Political/Economic: Russia lost control over the port of Azov and had to stop expanding southward. Because of this, Russia couldn't spread their influence southward or continue their access to goods and resources through the port. -
The Tsar and Russian Orthodox Church
Religious/Political: A decree was stated that the tsar ruled over the empire with their own control and power with the incorporation of their religious values. Because of this, Peter was able to establish his reign over Russia and bring the Russian Orthodox Church under control politically. -
Tulip Era Ruins the Ottoman Empire
Economic: Tulips and forms of money coming from Europeans lowered the economy in the Ottoman Empire -
Fall of the Safavid
Political: The Safavid had such little support and power that some Afghans were able to capture Isfahan and effectively end Safavid rule. -
Period: to
Political
Under the rule of emperor Qianlong (Cher-YEN- loong) the now Qing Empire saw renewed economic, military, and cultural achievements. -
1750
-
Period: to
Social
The population of the Qing Empire during this time period was three times that of what Europe was, this added to the agricultural strain on the economy to feed so many people, and the Qing, not able to handle this, went into decline. -
Yeongjo of Joseon outlaws Catholicism
Religious: Being one of the first rulers to take any actions agaonst the growing religioun, Yeongjo decided to outlaw and ban the practice of catholicism because he found it to be evil, this shows importance because it would cause tension between the ones who already followed it. -
Catholicism is re-introduced to Korea
Religious: Being one of the yangban, Yi Seung-hun went on a diplomatic mission with his father and he brought back Catholic priests, soon he was the first yangban to be baptised as a Christian, and this is important because over time Christianity was able to assimilate well into the Korean society. -
Confucianism Becomes the Official Japanese Philosophy
Religious; Japan makes cofucianism its official philosophy, affecting the attitude of both the government and the public on foreign affairs. -
Political
The Macartney Mission- a mission in which the British sent Lord George Macartney to China to try and change the strict trade regulation, among other things, with China. All of which were refused by the Qinglong. -
Period: to
Social
Chinese escourts of Macartney failed to see the economic and environmental decline in their most prosperous cities that had started in the earlier 1700’s decades. -
Social
The Qianlong received Macartney’s courteously in September 1793; Macartney bowed on one knee to the Qianlong, but the Qianlong’s refusal to alter trading systems in Canton, open new boarders or allow the British to maintain permanent residency in Beijing caused European frustration. -
Large population of serfs in Russia
Social: After the new law made peasants into serfs, it allowed for the growth and expanse of the population, with almost more than half of the population being serfs while only 2 percent were landowners. -
1800
-
Jeongjo is now King
Political: King Jeongjo is crowned king after his grandfather Yeongjo, this is important because Jeongjo as a king would later on be able to enact on various reforms, install a royal library, open new government positions, as well as provide support to Silhak scholars. -
1850
-
1900
-
Political
The Qing Empire lasted until 1911 when the last Qing emperor was overthrown. -
1950
-
2000
