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The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment is the era in Western Philosophy, centred upon the 18th century in which reason was advocated as the primary source for authority. The Enlightenment also provided a framework for the American and French Revolutions, the Latin American independence movement, and also led to the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism. Before the Enlightenment, the people listened to Church had told them to do, once the Enlightenment had happened, people stopped listening to the church, -
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Year 9 History Timeline
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Convicts
In 1788, January 18 the First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay, which was declared suitable for a penal colony by Joseph Banks. The commander of the First Fleet, Captain Arthur Philip brought a small party of marines and seamen ashore, but the location they were at was unsuitable because there was no fresh water there. On 21 January 1788, the First Fleet relocated at Port Jackson. The First Fleet transported convicts from Britain to Australia in the 18th century. -
Involuntary Migration
In 1788, convicts involuntarily migrated from England to Australia. Involuntary migration is the movement of an individual away from their homeland to a new homeland. Convicts were involuntarily sent to Australia because they had done things in England to get sent to jail. Convicts who still had to stay in jail for another 7 years were sent on the first fleet, others who had to stay for less time in jail weren’t sent over to Australia. -
The Second Fleet
In 1790 the Second Fleet was made up of ships containing convicts that were sent to Australia and arrived in Port Jackson. The majority of the convicts that didn't die on the voyage were so ill, they were unable to walk. Those that weren't carried onto the beach were barely strong enough to crawl ashore. A small town of tents was set up as a temporary hospital. The colony had to care for 759 starved, abused and near death individuals. -
The Bounty Scheme
Very few settlers were attracted to the penal colony of New South Wales during the first thirty years of its existence. The first of the migration schemes began in 1832. Each single woman would have received a bounty of £8. During 1832 – 1835, about 3074 people would have received assistance at a cost to the colony of £31,028. The second bounty scheme was setup during 1847. The colonial land and emigration commission were entrusted with the selection and conveyance of migrants. -
Voluntary Migration
During the year 1901, it is estimated that 15 million people had left England in search for better life in the New World. Voluntary Migration happens when peoplefreely choose to migrate to another country. People migrated from England to other countries such as Australia because they were in search for a better life because life was hard in England during the time. Many poor single men were attracted to the wide open spaces of Australia and the thought of owning enough land to become wealthy. -
Assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
On June 28 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife travelled to Sarajevo to go on a tour. On their tour, a Serbian nationalist threw a grenade into the car, but the grenade rolled off the back of the car and hit an officer. Later that day, the archduke went to see the wounded officer when the driver of the car took a wrong turn where 19-year old Gavrillo Princip was wandering. When Gavrillo saw his opportunity, he fired into the car shooting Franz and his wife. -
HMAS Sydney sinks German cruiser SMS Emden
Emden was the first ship to open fire at the range of 10,500 yards, HMAS Sydney hit the Emden 15 times, but only 5 of the shells exploded. Sydney destroyed Emden’s radio installation, wrecked its steering gear and cut communications between the weapons and the bridge. The forward funnel was gone, the foremast suffered damage and the main fire control was gone. One of Sydney’s shells burst in the Emden’s aft magazine, causing it to flood. Sydney fired a torpedo, but it didn’t make the distance. -
The First Battle of Bullecourt
Bullecourt, a village in north France was one of several villages to be incorporated into the defences of the Hindenburg Line in 1917. In March 1917, the German army withdrew to the Hindenburg Line to shorten their front and make their positions easier to defend. The British forces launched an offensive attack around Arras in April 1917. To assist the Arras operations, an attack was launched on Bullecourt on 11 April 1917 by the 4th Australian and 62nd British divisions.
