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The enlightenment #1
The Enlightenment has been defined in many different ways, but is most commonly defined as a theoretical, intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
The movement began in the mid to late 17th century and continued throughout much of the 18th century. During that time people needed change. People started to think for themselves and started ignoring the idea of following God's laws and started following their own laws and thinking for themselves. -
The enlightenment #2
In my opinion, the causes of enlightenment was people wanting to know more about what is and disbelief with the answers given by society and religion.
The effects of the enlightenment would include the ability to questions things and need reason or prof for ideas, to use logic, criticism, to think of your own answers and what you believe, and to have freedom of thought over blind faith and superstition. -
Industrial Revolution & slave trade #2
This was achieved by using steam engines which made transportation quicker and cheaper than ever.
The Industrial Revolution increased the need for labour as many of the colonies were short. There were no machines available then, all the work had to be done by hand, and because of this no one wanted to do the hard work. The demand for labour led to slavery and more that 11 million Africans were bought to America to work as slaves on crops like sugar, coffee, rice, cotton and tobacco. -
Industrial Revolution & slave trade #1
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain around 1750. The Industrial Revolution brought with it machines and steam power. This made manufacturing goods faster and a lot cheaper than before. The Industrialisation made the goods cheap enough for large consumption, though the demand for raw materials, such as sugar and cotton, was increased. The Industrialisation and the increase of global trade created a new, larger need for transportation. -
Indigenous Australians
The Indigenous people were mostly affected in 1788 when the First Fleet arrived in Australia. At first, Indigenous people were willing to help the English. But soon the English began to put up houses, fences and started to take the lands. The Indigenous believed that land could not be owned, and began to start fighting back. The Indigenous were put into slavery by and for the English, this caused many Indigenous to die from diseases. -
Convits #2
Prisons were generally over crowded because of the over population of convicts. Because of this overpopulation they decided to transport the convicts to Australia on the First Fleet in 1788. The convicts that were transported would work as slaves, doing things such as bricklaying, farming or shepherding. -
Convicts #1
Convicts are certain people who have committed a crime and have been sentenced to prison. There were many reasons as to why people committed crimes in England. A lot of the time generally there would be people stealing small things such as a bit of bread. -
The First Fleet #1
The First Fleet left England on 13 May 1787. There were eleven ships which carried the First Fleet from Brittan to New South Whales’. On each boat there were hundreds of people and around 1420 people in total. The main people brought to NSW on the first fleet were officials, male and female convicts of all ages and free settles.
Approximately 42 people died and 40 new babies were born during the 252 day journey of the First Fleet. -
The First Fleet #2
The ships arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Captain Arthur Phillip was not happy with Botany Bay. He travelled further north to look for a better place. He discovered Port Jackson, which we know as Sydney Harbour.
Captain Phillip returned to Botany Bay and brought the rest of the fleet to Port Jackson, which he described as the perfect harbour.
The entire journey, from Britain to Port Jackson, took just over eight months. -
The Battle of Pinjarra #3
The Pinjarra massacre also happened because Governor Stirling wanted revenge on the Binjareb tribe for the earlier attacks on white settlers. Governor Stirling wanted to affirm his authority and power over the Aborigines.
The massacre resulted in 15-20 deaths of Aboriginal men. The amount of women and children that were killed is unknown, but it is estimated that around 30-40 Aboriginal women and children died. Eight women and a few children were also taken as captives. -
The Battle of Pinjarra #1
The Pinjarra massacre was a battle that took place in Pinjarra, Western Australia. The massacre took place on the 28th of February, 1834. The conflict was between 60-80 Aboriginals of the Binjareb tribe, and 25 European soldiers and policemen who carried out the attack, led by Governor Captain James Stirling. The attack on the Binjareb tribe was motivated by earlier attacks on white settlers. These attacks were carried out by the Binjareb tribe. -
The Battle of Pinjrra #2
According to the Aborigines, the white settlers were invading their land, which lead to conflict with the settlers. The Binjareb tribe was aggressive and they had a reputation for their attacks on other Aborigines and white settlers.
Governor Captain James Stirling didn't want the Binjareb tribe and the Weeip's Wadjuk people to form an alliance. Governor Stirling didn't want these two aggressive tribes working together in order to kill white settlers. -
Free Setlers #2
They would transport to Australia on boats with the convicts. Some free settlers died along the way because of the harsh conditions on the boat. Once they free settlers arrived on Australia they could start farms and hire convicts to work for them. Free settlers did have some tough times though due to the hard weather conditions including floods and droughts. -
Australian federation
Australia became an independent nation on the 1st of January 1901. The British Parliament passed legislation allowing the six Australian colonies to govern in their own right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia.
The six former British colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia became the states of a new Australian federation. This marked the beginning of independent nationhood for the Commonwealth of Australia. -
Voluntary Migration
It is estimated that by 1901, over 15 million people had left England in search of a better life in the New World. Voluntary migration such as this occurs when people freely choose to migrate. Voluntary migrants are often called 'free settlers'.
Voluntary migration may be due to either 'push' or 'pull' factors. Push factors are reasons that drive people from their existing home to another place. Pull factors are reasons that make another area more attractive for people than their existing home. -
Free Setlers #1
By 1901 it was estimated that over 15 million free settlers moved to Australia (new world) for a better life. Free settlers or voluntarily immigrants, were people who chose voluntarily to move to Australia to start a new life. Voluntary migration could be due to either push or pull factors.
Free settlers populated Australia greatly. -
Assination of Archduke
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, took place on the 28th June 1914. This event is believed to have triggered the outbreak of war in Europe at the end of July 1914.
Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, were killed by a Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip while travelling in their car from a town hall reception, having earlier that day already survived one assassination attempt. -
Great Britain declared war on Germany #1
Germany invaded Belgium on the 4th of August 1914. This was seen to the world as Germany abusing the rights of a small neutral country. Germany was seen as a dishonest attacker in the War by America and other countries involved. Britain had guaranteed Belgium independence in the Treaty of London, because of this Britain became involved. -
Great Britain declared war on Germany #2
Britain had given Germany a request to get out of Belgium by midnight of August 3rd. At 11 o’clock pm a reply was sent from Germany rejecting the British demand. Therefore war was declared on Germany. The war declared on Germany by Great Britain on August 4th 1914, was a decision that is seen as the start of World War One. -
Gallipoli #1
The Battle of Gallipoli took place on the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli from April 1915 to January 1916 during the First World War. The goal was to knock Turkey out of the war, then concentrate on Germany and Austria. Although the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was in severe decline of men, their army proved to be much tougher than the Allies anticipated. -
Gallipoli #2
When British Generals realised that the fight at Gallipoli was hopeless, they ordered the evacuation. For the Anzac's, the evacuation was the most successful mission, resulting in only two victims. The forces in Gallipoli were evacuated from late November to early December 1915 after less than a year of battling. The attempt failed at Gallipoli, resulting in an estimated 505,000 soldier’s death and 262,000 more wounded. -
Bibliography
- Pearson Places Textbook
- http://enlightenmentreed.wetpaint.com/page/Causes+of+the+Enlightenment
- http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/thenineteenthcentury/a/enlightenment.htm
- http://faculty.unlv.edu/kirschen/handouts/Enlightenment.html
- http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/harrachmemoir.htm
- http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/enlightenment/
