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Black Tuesday
Stock Markets crash and it becomes total chaos and people lose tons of money and the Great Depression begins -
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Great Depression
September 23, 1929 Stock prices reach a high point
October 23, 1929 Stock prices drop sharply
October 24, 1929 People panic and sell their stocks
October 29, 1929 Stock Market crashes on Black Tuesday -
Japan Conquers Manchuria in Norther China
In 1931, the Japanese Kwangtung Army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria in an event commonly known as the Manchurian Incident. Essentially, this was an attempt by the Japanese Empire to gain control over the whole province, in order to eventually encompass all of East Asia. -
Hitler is elected Chancellor
Hitler is elected as Chancellor. He begins to overthrow the constitution and took control of the government. He became favorite when the Nazis preached for German Superiority. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected as president
Franklin Delano Roosevelt is finally inaugurated as the 32nd president. He hap 3 steps to boost public confidence.
1- Bank Holiday where there is a temporary shutdown on banks.
2- Only banks in good shape could be reopened.
3- FDR communicated with the public on fireside chats. -
The Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws by their general nature formalized the unofficial and particular measures taken against Jews up to 1935. The Nazi leaders made a point of stressing the consistency of this legislation with the Party program which demanded that Jews should be deprived of their rights as citizens. -
Hitler & Mussolini form the Rome-Berlin Axis
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Japan invades China
Second SIno-Japanese War -
Germany invades Austria
On March 12, 1938, German troops invaded Austria. Hitler was received with great enthusiasm by the Austrian people, and he immediately announced that Austria had become part of the German Reich. The laws of Germany, including its anti-Semitic acts, were swiftly applied in Austria. -
Germany & Soviet Union have a nonaggression pact
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Germany invades Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and France (Vichy France)
the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the successful German invasion of France and the Low Countries, beginning on 10 May 1940, defeating primarily French forces. German armoured units pushed through the Ardennes to cut off and surround the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium. -
German air force (Luftwaffe) bombs London and other civilian targets in the Battle of Britain
The Germans invade the Allies Cities... -
Japan joins the Axis Powers
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Germany invades the Soviet Union
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The Nazis implement the “Final Solution
By autumn 1941, the SS and police introduced mobile gas vans. These paneled trucks had exhaust pipes reconfigured to pump poisonous carbon monoxide gas into sealed spaces, killing those locked within. They were designed to complement ongoing shooting operations. -
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, named for the pearl oysters once harvested there, is the largest natural harbor in Hawaii, a World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument and the only naval base in the United States to be designated a National Historical Landmark. The devastating aerial attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in 2,390 dead and hundreds wounded, and drove the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor honors this history-changing event with the Pearl Harbor Historic Sites: -
The Mahattan Project
A project to develop the Atomic Bomb -
Japanese-American Incarceration
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt cited military necessity as the basis for incarcerating 120,000 Japanese Americans--adults and children, immigrants and citizens alike. Decades later a congressional commission found the justification of military necessity to be false. Learn the true reasons for this unprecedented denial of civil liberties. -
British forces stop the German advance at El Alamein
SS officer Walter Rauff had been a major operative in the German assault on Eastern European Jews. A high-ranking official in the infamous Einsatzgruppen — SS men following the German army eastward across Eastern Europe — Rauff had been integral to the process that was to murder 1.5 million Jews. Rauff’s specific role with the Einsatzgruppen was the development of mobile gas vans, trucks into which civilian Jewish populations were sealed and then exposed to the carbon monoxide exhaust from the t -
Bataan Death March
On April 9, 1942, tens of thousands of American and Filipino soldiers were surrendered to Japanese forces. The Americans were Army, Army Air Corps, Navy and Marines. Among those seized were members of the 200th Coast Artillery, New Mexico National Guard. They were marched for days in the scorching heat through the Philippine jungles. Thousands died. Those who survived faced the hardships of a prisoner of war camp. Others were wounded or killed when unmarked enemy ships transporting prisoners o -
Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway, fought over and near the tiny U.S. mid-Pacific base at Midway atoll, represents the strategic high water mark of Japan's Pacific Ocean war. Prior to this action, Japan possessed general naval superiority over the United States and could usually choose where and when to attack. After Midway, the two opposing fleets were essentially equals, and the United States soon took the offensive -
Guadalcanal
The Japanese defeat at the Battle of Midway had forced planners in the Imperial Army to reconsider their plans of expansion and to concentrate their forces on consolidating the territory that they had captured. The victory at Midway was also a turning point for the Americans as after this battle, they could think in terms of re-capturing taken Pacific islands - the first confrontation was to be at Guadalcanal. -
German forces surrender at Stalingrad
Diminishing resources, partisan guerilla attacks, and the cruelty of the Russian winter began to take their toll on the Germans. On November 19, the Soviets made their move, launching a counteroffensive that began with a massive artillery bombardment of the German position. The Soviets then encircled the enemy, launching pincer movements from north and south simultaneously, even as the Germans encircled Stalingrad. -
Tuskegee Airmen
In spite of adversity and limited opportunities, African Americans have played a significant role in U.S. military history over the past 300 years. They were denied military leadership roles and skilled training because many believed they lacked qualifications for combat duty. Before 1940, African Americans were barred from flying for the U.S. military. Civil rights organizations and the black press exerted pressure that resulted in the formation of an all African-American pursuit squadron based -
Rosie the Riveter
Working was not new to women. Women have always worked, especially minority and lower-class women. However, the cultural division of labor by gender ideally placed white middle-class women in the home and men in the workforce. Also, because of high unemployment during the Depression, most people were against women working because they saw it as women taking jobs from unemployed men. -
D-Day
160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which “we will accept nothing less than full victory. More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, by day’s end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy. The D-Day cost was high -more than 9,000 Allied Soldiers were killed or wounded -
Battle of the Bulge
In December 1944 Adolph Hitler directed an ambitious counteroffensive with the object of regaining the initiative in the west and compelling the Allies to settle for a negotiated peace. Hitler's generals were opposed to the plan, but the Fuhrer's will prevailed and the counteroffensive was launched on December 16, 1944, by some 30 German divisions against Allied lines in the Ardennes region. Allied defenses there had been thinned to provide troops for the autumn defensive. -
Yalta Conference
The conference at Yalta attempted to deal with the fate of postwar Europe, specifically the borders of Poland where the war began six years before, and the fate of Japan, whose ongoing tenacity kept America at war after the fall of Germany. -
Iwo Jima
For the 70,000 Americans, Iwo Jima was the step to the Japanese heartland and to the end of an awful war. For the 22,000 Japanese defenders, Iwo Jima was the defense of their very hearths and homes as it was part of the Tokyo Imperial Prefecture (county). It was assaulted by the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions of the Fifth Marine Amphibious Corps, which included supporting sea and air units. Iwo Jima was the only Marine battle where the American casualties, 26,000, exceeded the Japanese. -
Okinawa
Okinawa was the largest amphibious invasion of the Pacific campaign and the last major campaign of the Pacific War. More ships were used, more troops put ashore, more supplies transported, more bombs dropped, more naval guns fired against shore targets than any other operation in the Pacific. More people died during the Battle of Okinawa than all those killed during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Casualties totaled more than 38,000 Americans wounded and 12,000 killed or missing, -
Roosevelt dies, Truman becomes president
President Roosevelt dies of a cerebral hemorrhage at Warm Springs in Georgia. Vice-President Truman becomes President. Truman has so far had limited involvement in the work of the Roosevelt administration (he was a surprising choice as running mate in 1944) and among the subjects on which he receives his first briefing in the next few days in the atomic weapons project. -
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Formation of the United Nations
50 nations met in San Franscisco to discuss a new peacekeeping organization to replace the weak and ineffective League of Nations.
All 50 nations ratified the Charter, creating a new international peacekeeping body known as the United Nations
President Roosevelt had urged Americans not to turn their backs on the world again.
Unlike the League of Nations, The United States is a member of the United Nations -
Allied forces advance on Berlin, Germany surrenders
After the Casablanca Conference of January 1943, the Americans, British, and Soviets had agreed that there would be no separate negotiations with Nazi Germany with respect to its capitulation, and that the Germander surrender would have to be unconditional.
In the early spring of 1945, Germany was as good as defeated and the Allies were getting ready to receive its capitulation.
The expected unconditional German capitulation vis-à-vis all three Allies would have to be concluded somewh -
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Potsdam Conference
Decided to give Nazi people on Trial. -
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
The Enola Gay was a B-29 Superfortress (aircraft 44-86292), part of the 509th Composite Group. In order to carry such a heavy load as an atomic bomb, the Enola Gay was modified: new propellers, stronger engines, and faster opening bomb bay doors. (Only fifteen B-29s underwent this modification.) Even though it had been modified, the plane still had to use the full runway to gain the necessary speed, thus it did not lift off until very near the water's edge. -
Japanese officials sign an official letter of surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri, ending World War II
In the morning of 2 September 1945, more that two weeks after acceping the Allies terms, Japan formally surrendered. The ceremonies, less than half an hour long, took place on board the battleship USS Missouri, anchored with other United States' and British ships in Tokyo Bay. It was an extensively photographed occasion, and, despite overcast weather, generated many memorable images. -
Lend-Lease Act
On this date, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law the Lend-Lease Act—authorizing the President to sell, lease, or lend military hardware to any country he designated as vital to American national security. In December 1940, British leaders informed American officials that the war against the Axis Powers had nearly bankrupted the country. Great Britain no longer would be able to pay cash for arms as U.S. law requires -
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Nuremberg Trials
24 defendents, including some of Hitler's top officials.
Hermann Goring-- Creator & Head of Gestapo (Secret Police)
Charged with crimes against Humanity
19 found Guilty and 12 is sentenced to death
People are responsible for their actions, even in wartime. -
Marshall Plan
Congress approved Secretary of State George Marshall's plan to help boost European Economics. The U.S.gave more than $13 billion to help nations of Europe get back on their feet.
