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Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany
- First a jobless soldier he joined the Nazi Party, which soon after nominated him party president and then wrote Mein Kampf which set forth the plans for the Nazi Party
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Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy
- Italy's people revolted due to unemployment and inflation which Mussolini took advantage of appealing to the peoples wounded national pride and fears of economic collapse and communists
- the interests of the state were placed above those of the individual and Mussolini held all the power
- Italy's people revolted due to unemployment and inflation which Mussolini took advantage of appealing to the peoples wounded national pride and fears of economic collapse and communists
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Mein Kampf
- The basic beliefs of Nazism set forth by Hitler that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party
- Uniting all German speaking people in a great German empire
- In Hitler's mind only blue eyed, blond haired Germans deserved to live and be a part of society - There was a want for national expansion to fulfill an aim to secure for the German people the land they believed was entitled to them even if it meant war
- The basic beliefs of Nazism set forth by Hitler that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party
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Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
- Many Japanese militaristic leaders shared Hitler's idea od needing more land for a growing population
- The Japanese launched a surprise attack seizing the Chinese province of Manchuria, a large region about twice the size of Texas, that was rich in natural resources.
- Led to the League of Nations sending representatives to Manchuria to investigate the situation
- Many Japanese militaristic leaders shared Hitler's idea od needing more land for a growing population
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Storm Troopers(Brown Shirts)
- Hitler's private army comprised mainly of desperate unemployed Germans; Similar in nature to the SS
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Third Reich
- the third German empire that according to Hitler was supposed to last a thousand years hence the name "Thousand Year Reich."
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Hitler's military build - up in Germany
- He began a military build - up in Germany in violation of the Treaty of Versailles
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Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia
- By the fall of 1935, tens of thousands of soldiers belonging to Italy stood ready to advance on Ethiopia
- At the start of the invasion the League of Nation's response was an ineffective economic boycott—little more than a slap on Italy’s wrist
- By May of the next year Ethiopia had fallen to the Italians
- By the fall of 1935, tens of thousands of soldiers belonging to Italy stood ready to advance on Ethiopia
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Francisco Franco
- Spanish officers lead by general Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish Republic, the Spanish Civil War began.
- The revolution sparked interest throughout the world and 3,000 America troops formed the Abraham Lincoln Battalion to fight Franco
- Spanish officers lead by general Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish Republic, the Spanish Civil War began.
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Rome-Berlin Axis
- A formal alliance between the German and Italian dicators
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Hitler invades the Rhineland
- Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region bordering France and Belgium that was demilitarized as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.
- The league of Nations did nothing to stop Hitler
- Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region bordering France and Belgium that was demilitarized as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.
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Hitler's Anschluss
- The mjority of the people in Austria one part of the Austro-Hungarian empire were German and wanted to be united with Germany
- Germany marched into Austria and announced is anschluss declaring its unification with Astria
- The mjority of the people in Austria one part of the Austro-Hungarian empire were German and wanted to be united with Germany
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Munich Agreement
- A conflict between Hitler and Czechoslovakia occurred when Hitler wanted the Germans in Czechoslovakia accusing Czechoslovakia of abusing the Germans living there
- Britain and France backed Czechoslovakia and war seemed inevitable
- Hitler met with British and French leader in Munich and signed the Munich Agreement which gave Hitler Czechoslovakia on the pretense that he would make no more territorial demands
- A conflict between Hitler and Czechoslovakia occurred when Hitler wanted the Germans in Czechoslovakia accusing Czechoslovakia of abusing the Germans living there
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Nonaggression Pact
- with German people living in Poland Hitler once again accused Poland of abusing the resident Germans
- Poland signed a nonaggression pact with Germany and also signed a secret treaty between them dividing Poland in half
- with German people living in Poland Hitler once again accused Poland of abusing the resident Germans
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Blitzkrieg
- First used on Poland and the Soviet Union it was named blitzkrieg or lightening war
- Made use of advances in military technology to take the enemy by surprise and then crush any opposition with overwhelming force
- First used on Poland and the Soviet Union it was named blitzkrieg or lightening war
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Britain and France declare war on Germany
- Two days after Germany attacked Poland and the Soviet Union; Britain and France declared war
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Joseph Stalin's totalitarian government
- transformed the soviet union focusing on both agricultural and industrial growth
- Everything was controlled by Stalin and his selected government
- Stalin had a drive to p[urge or eliminate anyone who threatened his power
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Phony War
- Allied forces sat on the Maginot line and Axis sat on the Siegfried line both staring at each other as if waiting for one to make a move
- Germans called is sitzkrieg ("sitting war") developed by the Germans fro there tactic blitzkrieg
- Allied forces sat on the Maginot line and Axis sat on the Siegfried line both staring at each other as if waiting for one to make a move
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Hitler's invasion of Denmark and Norway
- A surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway was launched by Hitler in order to protect the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
- His actual motives were to build bases along the coasts to strike at Great Britain
- A surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway was launched by Hitler in order to protect the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
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Hitler's invasion of the Netherlands
- Hitler turned against yet another group of nations and people this time it was the Netherlands which ended quickly
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Germany and Italy's invasion of France
- Germans launched an offensive trapping 400,000 Britsh and French soldiers as they fled to the beaches of Dunkirk which were on the French side of the English Channel
- Only 330,000 British, French, and Belgian troops made it to safety across the channel
- A few day later Italy joined the war invading France from the south and Germany from the north soon leading to France's surrender
- Germans launched an offensive trapping 400,000 Britsh and French soldiers as they fled to the beaches of Dunkirk which were on the French side of the English Channel
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Marshal Philippe Petain
- Was the head of a Nazi - controlled puppet government which was to be set up in Vichy, part of southern France
- A term of France's surrender to Germany
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Th Battle of Britain
- Germany bombed Britain every night from summer through fall targeting British airfields
- British RAF pilots held them back until Hitler ceased the invasion but the regular bombing associated with war continued
- Germany bombed Britain every night from summer through fall targeting British airfields
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Lend - Lease Act
- Roosevelt lent money and arms to any country whose defense was seen as vital to the United States
- Isolationist argued bitterly, but most were all for it
- Roosevelt lent money and arms to any country whose defense was seen as vital to the United States
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Pearl Harbor attack
- A day before the attack Japan ceased peace talks with the U.S Roosevelt declared that those actions meant war
- 180 Japanese war planes attacked Pearl harbor bombing everything with little resistance
- Devastating damage was done all, but 3 battleships were destroyed; The bombing left 2,403 deceased and 1,178 wounded
- A day before the attack Japan ceased peace talks with the U.S Roosevelt declared that those actions meant war
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Battle of the Atlantic
- Hitler ordered submarine raids against ships along America's east coast
- This was done to prevent supplies of any kind from reaching Britain
- Hitler ordered submarine raids against ships along America's east coast
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Manhattan Project
- Was the name given to the project of creating a functional atomic bomb because most of the early work was done at Columbia university in Manhattan
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Internment
- Internment was the term used for the unwillful confinement of 110, 000 Japanese Americans
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Women's Auxiliary Army Corps
- Gave non combat jobs to women that were better suited fo the jobs than men, but while they received the traditional title and salary most did not receive the same benefits given to men
- Many in congress resisted the bill
- Gave non combat jobs to women that were better suited fo the jobs than men, but while they received the traditional title and salary most did not receive the same benefits given to men
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U.S Convoy system
- Ships carrying goods traveled together for mutual protection
- it was standard practice for them to be accompanied by destroyers and war planes that could detect enemy crafts
- Ships carrying goods traveled together for mutual protection
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Battle of Stalingrad
- German attacked Stalingrad after bombing it heavily to pave the soldiers' way, the soviet soldiers wanted to blow the factories and abandon them, but Stalin ordered them to stay because the city was named after him
- They fought mostly hand to hand,German troops had captured Stalingrad, but winter set in and German troops starved strapped and isolated within the city /the Germans surrender
- Marked a turning point in the war as Soviet troops began moving westward towards Germany
- German attacked Stalingrad after bombing it heavily to pave the soldiers' way, the soviet soldiers wanted to blow the factories and abandon them, but Stalin ordered them to stay because the city was named after him
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Office of Price Administration
- As war production increased, there were fewer consumer products available for purchase. With demand increasing and supplies dropping, prices seemed likely to shoot upwards
- The OPA fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods. Congress also raised income tax rates and extended the tax to millions of people who had never paid it before. The higher taxes reduced consumer demand on scarce goods by leaving workers with less to spend.
- As war production increased, there were fewer consumer products available for purchase. With demand increasing and supplies dropping, prices seemed likely to shoot upwards
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Unconditional Surrender
- The war was not over
- Allied leaders set the terms for the unconditional surrender of Germany stating that Germany had to accept all allied terms
- The war was not over
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Operation Torch
- Allied invasion of north Africa
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War Production Board
- The WPB decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production and allocated raw materials to key industries
- The WPB also organized drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and cooking fat for recycling into war goods
- Across America, children scoured attics, cellars, garages, vacant lots, and back alleys, looking for useful junk
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Bloody Anzio
- After allied forces occupied Italy Hitler attacked to keep the allies and the fighting off of German soil
- The fighting lasted 4 months
- After allied forces occupied Italy Hitler attacked to keep the allies and the fighting off of German soil
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D - Day
- Allied sea - land - air invasion of France
- The allies had retaken France
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The Battle of the Bulge
- Hitler sent a large army under the cover of fog to break up the allied lines and separate them from supply lines
- The plan ended disastrously and the Hitler lost most of his troops, machines, and supplies
- At that point all the Germans could do was retreat
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Korematsu v. United States
- U.S supreme court ruled that internment was justified under "military necessity."
- U.S supreme court ruled that internment was justified under "military necessity."
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Death of Hitler
- The allies had surrounded Berlin and Hitler knew the end was near
- To escape capture he shot himself and his wife took poison, guards were assigned to take them outside poor gasoline on them and set them on fire
- The allies had surrounded Berlin and Hitler knew the end was near
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V - E Day
- V - E day stands for victory in Europe and the unconditional surrender of Germany's Third Reich to the allies