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Alice L. Mikel Duffield - She's interviewed to become a nurse
She had little or no experience on being a nurse. Miss Tye, one of the women of the hospital, interviewed her. She thought Alice was 16, but she was actually 19 at the time. She told her that they will take her in. Miss Tye explained that after three months, which was the time of probation, if they don’t think she’s suitable for being a nurse, she will have to leave. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated
He was shot at Sarajevo, Bosnia, with his wife, by Gavrilo Princip. He was an heir of the Austria-Hungarian Empire. Austria-Hungary blamed the Serbian government for his death. This is what started the World War I. -
Austria-Hungary declares war
They declared it on Serbia. Serbia’s allies were Russia, Belgium, France, Italy, Romania, Japan, U.S. and Great Britain. Austria-Hungary’s were Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. The Central Powers against the Allied Powers. -
Battle of Tannenberg
This is known as one of the largest cavalry battles of the age. This battle included the Poles and Lithuanians. They had a really big army, which included Moravian, Wallachian, Tatar and Czech soldiers. They went against the Order of the Teutonic Knights, which was helped by German soldiers. Germany won the Battle of Tannenberg over the Russians. -
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First Battle of the Marne
This was an act of war between the French Army and the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) against the Germans. The Germans invaded Belgium and northeastern France. On September 7 and 8, Paris prepared a blockade so that General Louis Franchet d’Esperey, a French Marshall, could make a surprise attack with the help of his Fifth Army. That helped them widen a gap. -
Alice L. Duffield - Her mother gets sick
She was 20 years old at this time. She says that her mother had a baby boy, and needed her to take care of him. Her mother said that she was worn out. So they allowed her to go and help her mom. Once her mother got better, she got back into training to become a nurse. She was stationed at Camp Pike. -
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Battle of the Isonzo
This had 11 battles in total. It takes place in the Isonzo Valley. In the first four battles, Italy attacked Austria-Hungary, but they ended up being driven back. In the fifth battle, Cadorna, Italy had another failure. The battles 7-9 were failures also. In the battles of 10 and 11, The support that Austria-Hungary obtained by the Germans lead to an Italian disaster.
More info on Battle of the Isonzo -
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Battle of the Somme
This battle started when the Allies attacked Germany on the Western Front. This is known for one of the most hostile battles in WWI. 19,240 British soldiers were killed just on the first day of the battle. After that, the British set in motion smaller attacks. By the end of July, 160,000 German soldiers were lost and the British/French had more than 200,000 losses. At the end, Germany loses more soldiers than Britain does. Chart -
Russian Revolution
Tsar and most Russians had a bond, but it was broken. This caused a lot of disappointment. There was a shortage of food in the capital. The Provisional Government had to be restructured four times. There was a lot of political and economic chaos which had a major impact on the Socialist Revolutionary Party. -
America starts to fight in WWI
America wanted to stay neutral, but it began to be difficult. They stayed on the sidelines, and they kept shipping things to European countries. They kept shipping on both sides of the conflict in the war. German U-boats started sinking their ships. In the next month, Germany would sink 4 more U.S. ships. For that reason, President Woodrow Wilson declared war against Germany.
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Alice L. Duffield - The Flu Epidemic
There were too many people who got sick with the flu. She says that they couldn’t help everyone who was sick because they were too many. So many people died because of it. They had a morgue, and they would run out of space for the dead bodies. -
Alice L. Duffield - She learned a lesson
When she was at Sparks hospital, she talked about this soldier that she remembered. She remembered that he had a tropical disease and it was contagious by any contact with him. She recalled him saying that he was dying. She learned an important lesson: she can’t expect to save everyone. It’s just not possible. -
Second Battle of the Marne
The last attack of Germany was launched against the French forces. The allies were able to push back Germany’s attack. They were able to launch their counterattack successfully three days later. Germany had to call off a planned attack. The direction of the war turned conclusively towards the Allies. -
World War I ends
The Armistice gets signed. This was a signing between the Allies and Germany. Germany had no choice but to sign it, even if it were harsh for them. This happened at 11 a.m., on the 11 month, November, and the 11 day.
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She married her husband
She met her future husband when she was introduced to him at a dance. His name is William Franklin Hill. She said he danced really good and fell in love with him. She married him while she was still doing the service. They married after the Armistice was signed. They were married the day after Armistice day. After that, she went home.
