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Battle of Tannenberg
Two Russian armies invaded German East Prussia
Germany won
The Russians lost 30,000 killed or wounded, while the Germans sustained a total of only 13,000 casualties -
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First Battle of the Marne
A French offensive in Lorraine prompted German counter-attacks that threw the French back onto a fortified barrier
France and Britain won
it prevented the German capture of Paris, effectively halting the German offensive based on the Schlieffen Plan, significantly prolonged the war by forcing both sides into a defensive posture, and led to the widespread development of trench warfare along the Western Front, transforming the nature of the conflict from a mobile war to one of attrition -
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Battle of Gallipoli
as part of an Allied strategy to knock Ottoman Turkey out of the war by capturing Constantinople by gaining control of the Dardanelles Strait
The Ottoman Empire Won
a significant Allied defeat, leading to high casualties for both sides, a major setback for the British war effort, and most notably, the emergence of a strong national identity for Australia and New Zealand, known as the "Anzac spirit" -
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Second Battle of Ypres
the German military's decision to use poison gas (chlorine) for the first time in warfare,
The Allies won
significantly impacted World War I by marking the first large-scale use of poison gas by the Germans, leading to a widespread adoption of chemical warfare by both sides, and resulted in heavy casualties for the Allies, particularly the British, while leaving the Ypres salient more vulnerable and constricted -
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Battle of Verdum
primarily instigated by German General Erich von Falkenhayn, who aimed to strategically bleed the French army by forcing them to defend the strategically important fortress of Verdun
France won
over 700,000 casualties, including some 300,000 killed -
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Battle of the Somme
the stalemate on the Western Front during World War I, where both sides were locked in trench warfare, leading Allied commanders to plan a major offensive to break through German lines, with the Somme River in France
The Allies won
devastating casualties for both sides, significantly impacting morale, leading to a German retreat to the Hindenburg Line in 1917, and exposing the brutality of trench warfare,