-
St.Louis Affair
Hoffman had already hidden the secret documents in the spine of magazines, inside pens, and inside a walking cane, so he brought these with him to the ship. At the accommodation ladder, Hoffman was told he was allowed onto the ship but that he couldn't bring anything on board. Leaving his magazines and cane behind, Hoffman boarded with the pens. Sent directly to Captain Schroeder, Hoffman used the influence of the Abwehr to force Schroeder into allowing the crew to go to shore. Schroeder, shocke -
The beginning of the Second World War (Poland's Invasion
The Second Wold War started with the invasion of Poland on 1st September 1939. Here is where, Hitler became democratically the chancellor of Germany(1933). In about one month Poland was defeated, so the result of this invasion was the decisive German and Soviet Victory . This would lead to Poland being divided in two different parts between Germany and the Soviet Union. Many polish cities were attacked and there were about 760 mass-executions. So more than 150,000 against Germans who lost 2350. -
Period: to
Second World War
-
Phoney War
This was a phase early in World War II that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies (the United Kingdom and France) against the German Reich. It is called the Phoney War because nothing happened: FR & BR were waiting for Hitler’s next move –and he was waiting to see if they would make peace. Soon Hitler realized they wouldn’t, so the Germans planned an offensive in the West. It lasted until 10th May 1940. -
Invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch)
Allies invaded north africa and was victorious -
Rationing of Food
Rationing was introduced by the British government, to deal with sometimes extreme shortages, the Ministry of Food instituted a system of rationing. -
Winston Churchill Prime Minister
In April Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. A British force failed to help the Norwegians hold the Germans back. The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was forced to resign, and was replaced by Winston Churchill -
German Invasion of France
The main German attack went through the Ardennes Forest in southeastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg -
Battle of Dunkirk
It was an important battle in the Second World War between the Allies and German until 4th June 1940. The Blitzkrieg forced French and British forces to retreat until they were trapped at Dunkirk: operation Dynamo saved the army trapped at Dunkirk (German-controlled Europe was ready to invade Britain) . The final result of it was the evacuation of Allied troops. -
The Blitz
Hitler decided to postpone the invasion of Britain. It was now the only country actively fighting Germany. He hoped to force the British Government into making peace with a new tactic: the Blitz (it was intense bombing of British cities; it was meant to break the morale of British civilians) But due to the RAF, it was a failure for Germany. -
Operation Barbarossa
It was secretly planned in 1940; Hitler hoped to destroy the comunist system and exploit the USSR's natural resources. It finally took place in 1941 -
RAF
Tthe RAF beat the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain, because --The RAF’s pilots, though inexperienced, were highly trained, skilful and committed-The RAF didn’t commit all its planes at the same time: it would have been too risky-The RAF were fighting closer to their bases, so their fuel supplies lasted longer -
Pearl Harbor
The base was attacked by 353[14] Japanese fighters, bombers and torpedo planes in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers.[14] All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four being sunk. Two of these were later raised, and with the remaining four repaired, six battleships returned to service later in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship,[nb 4] and one minelayer. 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,402 Americans -
Pacific War
This was a war between the Allied and the Axis Power which took place in Pacific Ocean. It ended with the Allied victory, the end of the WW II, fall Empire of Japan. And there were some territorial changes: Removal of all Japanese troops occupying parts of the Republic of China, -
Period: to
Pacific War
The Japanese conquered Asia quickly The Battle of Midway turned the war against Japan Allied forces retook Asia and moved for JapanTwo atomic bombs were dropped in August 1945. The results of the atomic bombs -
First Battle of El Alamein
This battle lasted until 27 th July, and it was fought in North Africa, in the Western Desert Campaign, among the Allies and the Axis Power. However, there were mucho more deaths from the allies this battle would mean the victory of Allies in a strategical way. -
Battle of Stalingrad
This battle took place in Stalingran, in winter 1942 when thousands of Germans were surrounded by the Soviet army, because a harsh winter (sub-zero temperatures with no equipment for this). More results of this battle were: destruction of the German 6th Army, Axis forces began to decline in Eastern Front and turning point of World War II in Europe -
Second Battle of El Alamein
This battle lasted until 11th November, and as I've already said in the First Battle of El Alamein, the result was as well the decisive victory of Allies. This time the losses would be more equally spread among them. This victory would mean the end of the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal, and of gaining access to the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields thorugh North Africa. -
Battle of Britain
The aim of this battle was to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF). This battle was among Germany and Italy against Britain and his British Empire( Canada). But it was Britain which won the battle, so the failure of Germany would be its major defeat at the beginning of the Second World War, and it would also mean the end of German's air invansion. -
D-Day Landings
Preparation: Portable harbours (mulberries) and a fuel pipeline laid across the Channel sea bed to support landings by troops on the 5 Normandy Beaches( Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sowrd). This was an invasion fought between The Allies against Germany. The result of it was the Allies' victory and a five Allied beachheads established in Normandy. (*Beaches) -
Cold War Begins - Yalta Conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin each arrived with their own agendas for the conference. For Stalin, postwar economic assistance for Russia, and U.S. and British recognition of a Soviet sphere of influence in eastern Europe were the main objec -
Period: to
Cold War
-
Harry S. Truman President
Truman was the president of USA because Fraklin died in this date. Harry was the first president who fought in the First World War , because he was an Artillery General. He faced the great problemas of USA: economical, internal problems.... He belonged to the Democratic Party, but before he was the president of USA worked as farmer. -
Battle of Berlin
In April 1945 the Russians captured Berlin, so this battle was among Germany and Soviet Union.The Germans surrendered on 7th May, so from the Soviets they were many changes such as : dismantling of Nazi Germany, and Berlin started being in Allies' hands. But the most shocking change or consequence about this battle was the suicide of Hitler. -
Hiroshima's Bomb
Together with the United Kingdom and the Republic of China, the United States called for a surrender of Japan, threatening Japan with "prompt and utter destruction". The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum. American airmen dropped Little Debate regarding how much influence on the surrender of Japan. This bomb killed mora than 75.000 people, even the war was dropped wrongly. And the victim were horrible, most of the people die, other were burned, other lost the sight, arms, legs... -
Nagasaki's Bomb.
-
Iron Curtain
Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill - "an "iron curtain" has descended on Europe" -
Marshall Plan
USA organized massive aid for Europe and Japan to rebuild in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism. American aid to European countries to help rebuild their damaged economies. Many in the West worried that poverty in Europe would drive people to support Communists. The Marshall plan was designed to ease poverty and so prevent the spread of Communism, helping also the US economy -
NATO( North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
The Western nations formed it, against communists USSR.This is an intergovernmental military alliance treaty based on the North Atlantic Treaty. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence otherwise its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. -
Mao Zedong
In 1949 the Communist State of China was set up by Mao Zedong; this meant that the USA now became worried that China would spread Communism throughout East Asia. The Cold War spread to this area in 1950. Mao Zedong was the president of China from 1st October 1949 until the 27th April 1954. But he was also from 20th March 1943 until 9th September 1976, the President of the Communist Party of China -
Korea War
The cause of this war was the that South Korea's invansion, he wanted to take the whole country, his lands and have the whole power. The countries who fought were: South Korea and the Allies forces against North Korea and the Soviet Union's forces. The result was a ceasefire. -
Nikita Jrushchov President
Nikita Jrushchov was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after Stalin from 1953 until 1964. That meand that he was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. He also controlled the Sovietic invansion of Hungary the results of this invansion were: more than 20,000 Hungarians were killed or wounded, Nagy was arrested and later shot and Janos Kadar, a pro-soviet leader became Prime Minister, ensuring loyalty towards USSR -
Geneva Agreement
It arranged a settlement which brought about an end to the First Indochina war. The agreement was reached at the end of the Geneva Conference. A ceasefire was signed this agreement in which France agreed to withdraw its troops from the region. -France withdrew from Indo China (they had lost their colony)-Vietnam was partitioned into Communist North and Democratic (real) South-Laos and Cambodia were set up as independe states -
Warsaw Pact
The USSR said NATO was a threat and formed it in 1955, against the Western nations. It was a military cooperation agreement signed in 1955 by the countries of the Eastern Bloc. The main aim was to counter the threat of Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and especially the rearmament of West Germany. -
Fidel Castro as President
Fidel Castro began a guerrilla war and soon marched into Cuba’s capital, Havana, and successfully overthrew the government. In this date he was known as the Prime Minister of Cuba. He also reduced the influence of USA in Cuba by: Shut down the gambling casinos and the brothels, nationalizing American owned sugar mills and oil refineries, seizing $1000 million worth of American property and Castro began to work with the USSR –he’d always been Communist influenced. -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall is built, this would be the beginning of Germany split into :(45km) Western and Eastern(Comunism). This was such a problem, that this wall was even called "The Wall of Shame". At the beginning the Soviet from the Western Part of Germany thought it was to protect them from the fascist, but it was really to avis the massive emigration. The fall os this wall on 9th November 1989 meant the end of the Cold War. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war. The United States armed forces were at their highest state of readiness ever and Soviet field commanders in Cuba were prepared to use battlefield nuclear weapons to defend the island if it was invaded. -
Vietnam's Victory in War
The Vietcong treated the South Vietnamese well and gained their support-US bombing killed many civilians and made North Vietnam more determined to defeat America-Vietcong guerillas were very skilful soldiers-American troops were mostly poorly-motivated conscripts, unused to fighting in the jungle-The North Vietnamese had the support of China and the Soviet Union-American public opinion turned against the war-The South Vietnamese regime was unpopular -
Chernobyl
Chernobyl was a disaster that was a nuclear accident that happened in Ukraine. It was under the direct and essential authorities of the Soviet Union. -
Gorbachev
The Soviet leader Mikhail Gorvachev told the United Nations that the countries of Eastern Europe now had a choice: the USSR wasn’t going to control them any more. -Hungary opened its frontier with Austria-Free elections in Poland: Solidarity won (new non-Communist government)-Many East Germans crossed into West Germany-Berlin Wall was torn down Anti-Communist demonstration in Czechoslovakia -
Fall of Comunism
-Hungary opened its frontier with Austria-Free elections in Poland: Solidarity won (new non-Communist government)-Many East Germans crossed into West Germany-Berlin Wall was torn down-Anti-Communist demonstration in Czechoslovakia-Nikolai Ceauçescu, Romania dictator, was executed after a revolution against his cruel and corrupt regime -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The border separating Western for Eastern Germany was effectively opened. Shops stayed open as long as they wanted, GDR passport served as a free ticket for public transportation and in general there were more exceptions than rules. -
The Fall of the Soviet Union
Put simply, the Soviet Union grew too big to manage successfully. Several other factors led up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, including the Afghanistan Quagmire, Perestroika, Decentralization, Glasnost and Chernobyl, among others.
