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John Deere
In 1837, John Deere invented the steel plow. He invented it in Grand Detour, Illinois where he had settled and was an inventor and a blacksmith . This plow could cut right through thick soil without the dirt sticking to it. It made life much easier on pioneer farmers since the soil was different than that of the East and wood plows kept breaking. it had a big impact on the economy too. Furthermore,The steel plow benefited farmers because it allowed them to cut without so much work being done. -
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer Process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel. It was a process for the producing steel by blowing air through molten pig iron at about 1250 degrees Celsius. The process of the Bessemer was named after its inventor Henry Bessemer. Sir Henry Bessemer invented the first process for mass-producing steel inexpensively. It has improved the steel industry a lot. Before the process, bridges, railroads and buildings had to be made out of wrought iron. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was an American industrialist who became successful in the steel industry. Carnegie worked in a cotton factory before rising to the position of division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859. He disposed of his great fortune by educational, cultural, scientific, and technological institutions. He who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt was very successful and became one of the wealthiest Americans. He operated a boat that ferried cargo between Staten Island, New York, and Manhattan. After working as a steamship captain, Vanderbilt went into business for himself in the late 1820s, and eventually became one of the country’s largest steamship operators. He gained a reputation for being competitive. In the 1860s, he built another empire and helped make railroad transportation more efficient. -
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Transforming the West
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Homestead Act
Signed into law in May 1862, the Homestead Act opened up settlement in the western United States, allowing any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. By the end of the Civil War, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years.Over time 1.6 million individual claims would be approved; nearly ten percent of all government held property for a total of 420,000 square miles of territory. -
Morill Land Grant College Act
The Morill Act of 1862 was also known as the Land Grant of College Act. It was a major boost to higher education in America. The grant was originally set up to establish institutions in each state that would educate people in agriculture, home economics, arts, and other professions. The goal was the financing of agricultural and mechanical education. In addition, it also wanted to assure that education would be available to those in all social classes. Overall, it has improved many lives. -
Transcontinental Railroad
The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads met in Utah to span across the whole country. The railroads employed lots of immigrants, it established new towns and markets, and the US created time zones since travel became more common. It was efficient because it moved goods over log distance much faster. It also increased possibilities for partnerships and exchange of ideas to business professionals to expand their industries. -
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Becoming An Industrial Power
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Indian Appropriations Acts
The Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 said that the tribes were no longer considered nations and that the previous treaties with the tribes were no longer valid. The Indian Appropriation Act is the name of several acts passed by the United States. It consisted of a number of acts were passed under the same name throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. It created the reservations system and the government forced Native people to move to reservations, where it can better for them. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
Leaders of the Sioux tribe, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. After gold was discovered in South Dakota’s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join their leaders.More than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River. -
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The Gilded Age
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The Great Upheaval
It started with a 10% pay cut. When leaders of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad company ordered this second reduction in less than eight months, railroad workers in Martins burg, WEST Virginia decided they had had enough. On July 16, 1877, workers in that town drove all the engines into the roundhouse and boldly declared that no train would leave until the owners restored their pay. The local townspeople gathered at the rail yard to show their support for the strikers. -
Sarah Winnemucca
Sarah Winnemucca was an author, activist and educator. Winnemucca became an supporter for the rights of Native Americans, traveling across the US to tell Anglo-Americans about the difficulty of people. She was born near the Humboldt River Sin. One point in her life, they were threatened for their way of life by the white settlers and she dedicated much of her life to working for her people. She also served US forces as a messenger, interpreter and as a teacher for imprisoned Native Americans. -
Helen Hunt
Helen Maria Hunt Jackson was an American poet and writer who became an activist that fought for improved treatment of Natives by the US government. She defended many Indians. Many people in Colorado at that time did not like the fact that she supported the Indians. Helen became one of the most successful writers of her day. Through her dedication to Indian reform during the last five years of her life, she wrote herself into American history. she was very intelligent and wrote many books. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed by President Chester A. Arthur and was the first law to restrict immigration to the United States. It banned the immigration of unskilled laborers from China.Those on the West Coast were especially susceptible to attribute declining wages and economic ills on the Chinese workers.When the exclusion act expired in 1892, Congress eventually extended it for 10 years. The Chinese Exclusion Act had a big effect on the United States' legal history. -
Pendleton Act
Also known as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, the Pendleton Act was approved in January of 1883. It was passed following the assassination of President James Garfield by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled job seeker. This act established a merit-based system of selecting government officials and supervising their work and replaced the Spoils System. Additionally, it established the Civil Service exam which also made the system more fair and changes were made against favors. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show was famous throughout the world. The show had many types of entertainment including performances, re-enactments of Indian attacks, the Pony Express, and the famous Native American Chief. William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody opened Buffalo Bill's Wild West show at Nebraska. Buffalo Bill Cody fought in the American Civil War, served for the Army, and was a legend before launching his famous Wild West show, which traveled the United States and Europe. -
Haymarket riot
The Haymarket riot of 1886 was a year of intense strikes and labor violence. This was one of the most famous strike confrontation. The Haymarket riot was a disturbance that took place on Tuesday May 4, 1886, in Chicago. It began as a rally in support of striking workers too. It was caused because a person threw a bomb at police as they spread the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of eight police officers and many other people. -
Dawes Severalty Act
The Dawes Severalty Act, also known as the General Allotment Act, was passed to protect the rights of Native American Indians but the majority of the tribe members would be integrated into American society and culture. The purpose of the Act was to break up tribes and to integrate Native Indians into the lifestyle of western Americans therefore stopped the nomadic lifestyle of Native American Indians. It was also created to open the remainder of the surplus land to white settlers for profit. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
In 1890, the Sherman Antitrust Act was passed by the U.S. government to prevent misunderstandings from unfair business practices. It took around many years, but in 1911, the company was found in violation of the antitrust laws and was divided up into a number of different companies. The cause of the Act was because many people began to feel that Standard Oil's monopoly business was unfair. States began to issues laws to try to increase competition but they didn't really work. -
Period: to
Imperialism
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Robber Barons
Robber Baron was referred to as a businessman who was involved in unethical practices, widespread political influence, and was extremely wealthy. The men who were called robber barons were sometimes portrayed in a positive way, as “self-made men” who had helped build the nation. This created many jobs for American workers. Over time, many of the practices of the robber barons would become illegal as further legislation sought to ensure fairness in American business. -
Depression of 1893
Also known as the Panic of 1893, the Depression of 1893 was one of the worst economic downfall in the United States, which also effected surrounding countries. This depression began in 1893 and did not end until about 1897. Banks, railroads, and many other everyday businesses went under during this panic and many people questioned the laissez fair capitalist economy. Efforts of reform in the late 19th century were not sufficient and conflict between labor and big business was going on. -
City Beautiful Movement
The City Beautiful Movement was an American urban-planning movement led by architects and reformers to reduce or eliminate city problems through redesign. Much of the architecture was classical and included boulevards to make the streets wider, large open parks, and public squares. The idea of the City Beautiful Movement flourished between the 1890's and the 1920's and was most prominent in cities such as Cleveland, Chicago, and Washington D.C.The movement first gained ground in 1893. -
American Railway Union
The American Railway Union was the largest labor unions of its time and one of the first industrial unions in the United States. The union was launched at a meeting held in Chicago in February 1893 and won an early victory. The American Railway Union was founded on June 20, 1893 in Chicago, Illinois and led by Eugene V. Debs. The American Railway Union was an industrial union for all railroad workers. The union grew quickly and met with early success before it ended a few years later -
John Rockefeller
John Rockefeller became one of the world's wealthiest men was a major philanthropist, and was the founder of the Standard Oil Company. Rockefeller formed a company called Standard Oil in 1870. He wanted to take over the oil refinery business and even begun to buy out his competitors.He made many improvements such as making the refinery more efficient and profitable. He also began to invest in other aspects of the business such as oil pipelines, iron mines, train cars, and delivery trucks. -
World's Columbian Exposition of 1893
The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. The purpose of the Chicago World's Fair was to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus landing in the New World. The Chicago World's Fair provided a showcase for new inventions, new products, different styles of architecture and art, and numerous exhibits to cultural understanding and tourism. -
The Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike is considered to be one of the most influential events in the history of US Labor. George Pullman, who owned a company that built luxury railroad cars, was forced to cut back on salaries and lay off workers because of the impact left by the Depression of 1893. It began as a walkout by railroad workers in the Midwest and later escalated. The ARU shut down railroads and President Cleveland had to intervene. Attention was later increased as Strikers gained some public support. -
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Progressive Era
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The Presidential Election of 1896
The Presidential Election of 1896 is said to be one of the most exciting elections in the history of the United States. Money was an issue during this time which caused parties to split based on who favored the gold standard and those who favored free silver. William McKinley was a former Ohio Congressman and governor and ran for the republican party. William Jennings Bryan was a former Nebraska Congressman and ran for the democratic party. McKinley won both the electoral and the popular votes. -
William McKinley
Born in January of 1843 in Ohio, William McKinley became the 25th President of the United States during the Election of 1896 against William Jennings Bryan with 51% of the votes. Before running for president, McKinley served in the US Congress and as governor of Ohio. He led the US into war with Spain because of the issue with Cuban Independence which resulted in the US possession of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. During second term in 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated. -
Philippine-American War
The cause of the Philippine-American War was caused by the U.S. government's quest for an empire and the hope of the Filipino people for freedom. After centuries as a Spanish colony, a rebellion motivated in part broke out in the Philippine Islands. The Filipinos welcomed the US as allies in their struggle against Spain. After the Spanish had been almost totally overthrown the leader declared the Philippines to be an independent country which led to the cause of the Filipino war with the US. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy was towards China for all countries. The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Furthermore, the Open Door policy is a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. -
The Wizard of Oz
The Wizard of Oz is a fictional book written by L. Frank Baum that was published in 1900 and was later adapted into a movie of the same name in 1939. It is said be an allegory on the populist movement, a story that contains a lot of symbolism and can be interpreted into hidden meanings related to events and situations that had occurred during that time period. It is indicated that the author, Baum, was a supporter of William Jennings Bryan during the Election of 1896. -
Booker T. Washington
Born in 1856, Booker T. Washington was a former slave and a prominent black intellectual around 1900. Washington wanted black economic equality through vocational work. In 1881, he founded the Tuskegee Institute to train African-Americans in agriculture and industry and to promote their economic justice with whites. He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being as economic justice would allow equal rights later on. He clashed with other black leaders over the topic of equality. -
Carrie A. Nation
Carrie Amelia Nation was born on November 25, 1846. She was a radical member of the temperance movement and is best known for carrying a bible and attacking alcohol selling establishments with her hatchet. On December 27, 1900, Nation smashed up the bar at the Carey Hotel in Kansas. She caused thousands of dollars worth of damage and was put in jail. She was released shortly after and became famous for these type of incidents as part of her anti-alcohol movement until her death in 1911. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Also known as Teddy and T.R., Theodore Roosevelt was Vice President to William McKinley until his assassination in 1901 and became the 26 President of the United States. He is known to be the youngest president in U.S. History at 42 years old. Teddy was a very energetic and enthusiastic person, some could call him a "big little kid," he was also very athletic, a lecturer, and an overall likable person. He is also known to be a dedicated conservationist of nature, national parks, and reserves. -
Platt Amendment
Platt Amendment, rider appended to the U.S. Army appropriations bill of March 1901, stipulating the conditions for withdrawal of U.S. troops remaining in Cuba since the Spanish American War, and molding fundamental Cuban U.S. relations until 1934. Formulated by the secretary of war, Elihu Root, the amendment was presented to the Senate by Sen. Orville H. Platt of Connecticut. By its terms, Cuba would not transfer Cuban land to any power other than the United States. -
Big stick policy
Big stick policy refers to President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy. The big stick diplomacy means International negotiations backed by the threat of force. Theodore Roosevelt established the U.S. as the "police power" for the Western Hemisphere and stating that the U.S. would protect threatened countries in North and South America. This was called his "Big Stick Diplomacy". The phrase came from Roosevelt and was used in cartoons to refer particularly to his foreign policy. -
Henry Ford
Born in July of 1863, Henry Ford was an engineer who built his first horseless, gasoline powered carriage in his shed. In 1903, he founded the Ford Motor company and created what is now known as the assembly line to make the process of building vehicles faster and more effective. In 1908, Ford was able to release the Model T, a high demand vehicle that was practical and meant to be affordable for the common man. He was a very influential figure in the industrial world until his death in 1947. -
Dollar Diplomacy
A form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. Under Taft, the State Department was more active than ever in encouraging and supporting American bankers and industrialists in securing new opportunities abroad. The term was originally coined by previous President Theodore Roosevelt, who did not want to intervene between Taft and Taft's secretary of state. -
Roosevelt Corollary
An addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union address in 1904 after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902–03. The corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly. -
The Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Russia and Japan in Korea. It resulted in a victory by Japan, by establishing Japan as a major world power. Popular discontent in Russia following the defeat led to the Russian Revolution. Unhappiness among Japanese over the lack of territorial gains led to a better relationship towards the United States. As a result, the Russian Empire and Nicholas II lost, along with two of their three naval fleets. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair Jr. was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 20, 1878. He was an American novelist and political writer. Sinclair is best known for his book, The Jungle. This best-selling book and more of his other works often uncovered social injustices. The Jungle was part of Sinclair's intention to reveal the truth about the meat-packing industry. It described the unsanitary conditions and the cruelty of animals, this caused a public outcry and changed the way that people shopped for food. -
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The meat inspection act is a law that makes it a crime to misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food. It also ensures that meat products and meat are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The purpose of the act is to prevent health hazards such as pathogens chemical contaminants in meat. Theodore Roosevelt supported the meat inspection act and signed it. The act meant that the preparation of meat shipped over states would be inspected throughout the process. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act was an act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. The Pure Food and Drug Act was signed by Theodore Roosevelt on the same day as the Federal Meat Inspection Act. It was a law passed in order to remove harmful foods and drugs from the market and regulate the manufacture and sale of drugs and food involved in trade. -
The Gentlemen's Agreement
The Gentlemen's Agreement was made by the effort of President Theodore Roosevelt and was an agreement between the United States and Japan in grew tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. In addition, the Gentlemen's Agreement was never written into a law passed by Congress, but was an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. It was nullified by the Immigration Act of 1924, which legally banned all Asians from migrating to the United States. -
W.E.B DuBois
Born in 1868, W.E.B DuBois was a civil rights activist and like Booker T. Washington, a prominent black individual. However, he was the opposite of Booker T. Washington with their different views on African-American rights. While Washington wanted economic equality, DuBois wanted immediate civil rights. He wanted African-Americans to have professional occupations, such as politicians and teachers. In 1909, he co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. -
Angel Island
Angel Island the immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York. The relations between ellis and angel are that The gateways for millions of immigrants to America - everyone who came to America went through these two islands. -
Election of 1912
The Presidential Election of 1912 occurred between Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. During this election, Roosevelt started a new progressive third party, the "Bull Moose" Party; he gained the following of Progressive Republicans. Republicans nominated William Howard Taft and a New Jersey Governor, Woodrow Wilson, ran as a democrat. Wilson defeated both Roosevelt and Taft in this election, becoming the twenty-eighth President of the United States. -
The 17th amendment
The 17th amendment established that senators would be directly elected. It was an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, providing for the election of two U.S. senators from each state by popular vote and for a term of six years. Furthermore, the 17th Amendment was part of a wave of progressive constitutional reforms. It also gave Americans the right to vote directly for their Senators, therefore strengthening the relationship between citizens and the federal government. -
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare was a result of the large damaging power of newly developed machine guns and higher-powered rockets. It was no longer feasible to send troops out into an open field. The new weaponry would slaughter them in an instant. Trenches sheltered troops while allowing limited, and usually inconclusive, fighting. Trench warfare was important during The First World War. Trench warfare has opened up a new way to fight a war. -
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World War I
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassination
This was known for the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand set off a chain of events: Austria-Hungary, countries around the world, blamed the Serbia for the attack and hoped to use the incident to settle the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. -
Panama Canal
A waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. One of the most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the Cape Horn route around the southern tip of South America. -
The Great Migration
The Great Migration had a huge impact on urban life in the United States and was the movement of as many as six million African-Americans relocated to the North and West and occurred between 1916 and 1970. Mass migrations of African Americans occurred several times during the first half of the twentieth century. There have been debates on the causes of it since it began. The Great Migration occurred in the more rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West. -
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that's caused by a traumatic situation by either undergoing it or observing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, and anxiety, as well as suicidal thoughts and the infamous Thousand Yard Stare. It was also known as "combat stress".At the time, doctors soon found that many men suffering the symptoms of shell shock without having even been in the front lines.Many had experienced its symptoms during their military service. -
Sussex Pledge
The German system of "unrestricted submarine warfare" led to the attack on a French passenger ferry without warning on March 24, 1916, the ship was severely damaged and about 50 lives were lost. Although no U.S. citizens were killed in this attack, it prompted President Woodrow Wilson to declare that if Germany were to continue this practice, the United States would break diplomatic relations with Germany. Fearing the entry of the United States into World War I. -
Zimmergram Telegram
The German Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to the government of Mexico but it was hijacked by Britain who, gave it to Wilson. This suggested that in the situation of war between Germany and the United States, the Mexicans should join with Germany against the Americans in return for their land in the north when the war was over. This was broadly broadcast ed by British politicians and the American press. It excited public opinion and helped build popular attitude for war. -
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
The American Expeditionary Force is the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I they fought in France beside British and French allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces. They helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive in June 1918, and fought its major actions in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives in late 1918. -
The Espionage Act
The Espionage Act was a United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory. -
The Spanish Flu
The Spanish Flu was a global outbreak of a lethal type of flu. The change of soldiers during WWI helped to increase the virus. 20-40% of people in the world were estimated to have become sick with the virus that attacked the young and healthy as well the weak. People sometimes felt well in the morning and were dead by night. An estimated 675,000 people died in the U.S. and 50 million worldwide. More US soldiers in WWI died of influenza than of war-related injuries -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the most significant of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. Furthermore, the Treaty of Versailles was the Peace Settlement between the Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and started WWII less than 20 years later, because of how brutally it treated Germany and how outraged Germans were about this. They made Germany to declare all guilt for the war and required Germany to pay a large settlement in reparations to the Allies. -
The Volstead Act
The Volstead Act provided for the intent of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and is also known as the Prohibition Amendment. Later this act was voided by the Twenty-first amendment. Ultimately, the bill was vetoed by President Woodrow Wilson and it also covered wartime prohibition. Although his veto was overridden by the House on the same day, October 27, 1919, and by the Senate one day later. Furthermore, It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors. -
Al Capone
An American mobster, crime boss, and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33. Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means, but his mutually profitable relationships with mayor William Hale Thompson and the city's police meant he seemed safe from law enforcement. -
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was the advancement of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City during the 20's and 30's. It was an artistic movement involving photographers, composers, writers and more. This influential period is considered a prime age in African American culture. Jazz began to control American music during this time and jazz spots will become more popular. Many thought this music during the Harlem Renaissance brought up questionable behavior. -
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1920's
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Sacco & Vanzetti
They were were two Italian men that were involved of robbing a bank and murder. They were Anarchists that heightened American fear of foreigners they executed with hardly any proof because of their nationality and political beliefs, Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s they were arrested and executed for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs. -
The 19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave men and women with equal voting rights and was adopted on August 18,1920 The Nineteenth Amendment prohibited any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. At the time the U.S. was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men, including the right to vote. Furthermore, the 19th amendment also unified suffrage laws across the United States. Overall, this amendment to the constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920. -
The Teapot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery event which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the control of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies -
The Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 was signed by President Calvin Coolidge. It was passed in order to maintain the racial composition of the United States by restricting the entry of immigrants. The new law reflected the desire of Americans to isolate themselves from the world after fighting World War I in Europe. While people from Northern Europe were let in, entry was denied to Mexicans, and disproportionately to Eastern and Southern Europeans and Japanese. -
American Indian Citizenship Act
Native Americans have long struggled to retain their culture. Until 1924, Native Americans were not citizens of the United States. Many Native Americans had, and still have, separate nations within the U.S. on designated reservation land. But on June 2, 1924, Congress granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S. Yet even after the Indian Citizenship Act, some Native Americans weren't allowed to vote because the right to vote was governed by state law. -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan was slightly revived at this time. The KKK had been started as an anti-black group. In the 20's, it added to its list of hatred, Catholics, Jewish, radicals, communists, internationalists, revolutionists, bootleggers, gambling, adultery, and birth control.By increasing its view of hatred and by taking advantage of the mood of the time, the KKK reached its peak during the 20's, about 5 million members. The KKK used the same fear as it always had, lynchings, and intimidation. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
John scopes was a biology teacher in Tennessee, he was accused of violating Tennessee law by practicing the theory of evolution to his students. Some religious leaders rejected evolution, saying it contradicted the word of the Bible. a number of states, including Tennessee, passed laws that banned the teaching of Darwin's theory. Scopes wanted to defy the law, so he declared that he taught evolution. The trial became a nationwide outlook.In the end, scopes was conviced and lost his job. -
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. It took him 33 1/2 hours, he won a $25,000 prize, and instantly became a celebrity.Lindbergh was sort of represented the anti-Jazz Age. Whereas many young people were living the high life of fast cars, illegal booze, jazz, nightclubs. Lindbergh was traditional, wholesome and shy. It was said that for a brief moment, the Jazz Age crowd paused their party and tipped their glasses to Lindbergh's accomplishment. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Valentines Day Massacre
This was an attack on February 14, 1929. 7 members of a gang were waiting for a load of illegal liquor. Disturbed by police, Capone's men portrayed as though they were going to raids the garage and disarmed the other gang members, telling them to line up against the wall with their arms in the air. Capone's men shot them with machine guns and escaped.The killing allowed Capone to show his control over the city so violence was not as necessary. -
The Dust Bowl
A period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dry land farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon. The drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936, and 1939–1940, but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years. -
Election of 1932
The Presidential Election of 1932 was ran between Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. While Hoover ran for his second term as a republican, Roosevelt ran for the first time as a democrat. This election took place as effects of the Great Depression were being felt across the United States. Hoover's popularity among voters fell as they felt that he would be unable to reverse the effect of the depression. Roosevelt won the election overwhelmingly, becoming the 32nd President of the U.S. -
Bonus March
The name for an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers—17,000 U.S. World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who gathered in Washington, D.C. to demand cash-payment redemption of their service certificates. Organizers called the demonstrators the "Bonus Expeditionary Force", to echo the name of World War I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers". The contingent was led by Walter W. Waters, a former sergeant. -
Adolf Hitler
Born in 1889, Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party in Germany. He was one of the most powerful and notorious dictators of the 20th century. Hitler took advantage of economic problems, political infighting to take absolute power in Germany beginning in 1933. Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939 led to the outbreak of WWII and by 1941, Nazi forces occupied much of Europe. His obsessive pursuit of Aryan supremacy led to the murder of about 6 million Jews and other victims of the Holocaust. -
The 20th amendment
The 20th amendment gave details on the terms of office for Congress and the President. The 20th Amendment is important because it tried to eliminate presidents and legislators. It was also important because it failed. Before the 20th Amendment, the presidential term and the congressional term both started on March 4 of the year after the election. The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president. -
The Glass-Steagall Act
The Glass-Steagall Act refers to 2 separate federal laws, the first was passed on February 27, 1932 and the second was passed on June 16, 1933. The second act is the law most people refer to as the Glass-Steagall Act and prohibited commercial banks from engaging in the investment business and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The law was originally enacted as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program. In addition, the law became permanent in 1945. -
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
The National Industrial Recovery Act was enacted by Congress in June 16,1933. It was one of the measures by Roosevelt assisted the nation's economic recovery during the Great Depression. The act was a prime New Deal agency established by Roosevelt. The goal was to bring industry, labor, and government together to create codes and set prices. In addition, the Act was a labor law and consumer law passed by the Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages, -
The 21st Amendment
The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited alcohol. The 21st Amendment to the Constitution was passed and ratified. The 21st amendment was also an admission of the failure of prohibition, which led to people disrespecting the law and criminals to do well selling illegal alcohol to those that wanted it. Repealing the 18th amendment didn't make alcohol completely legal through the entire country. -
The Wagner Act
The Wagner Act was signed by President Roosevelt. The Wagner Act was passed as part of FDR's series of New Deal Programs. Its purpose was to guarantee workers the right to organize Unions. The law set up the National Labor Relations Board. The Wagner Act was significant because it established the rights of employees to organize, join, or assist labor unions and to participate in collective bargaining through their representatives. The act prevented employers engaging in unfair labor practices. -
The Social Security Act
The Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. The Act is one of the most important pieces of legislation in American history. It was passed during the Great Depression and created a variety of programs. For instance, Medicare is insurance and a program to the elderly in paying bills and other health care bills. -
The Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and child labor standards affecting full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments. The act applies only to employers whose annual sales total $500,000 or more. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 originated in Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. It was a landmark piece of legislation that had a significant impact on the labor movement in the United States. -
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World War ll
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Dunkirk
The event that occurred in Dunkirk is considered to be one of the greatest maritime evacuations in history. As the German Army advanced through northern France during the beginnings of World War II, it cut off British troops from their French allies, forcing an enormous evacuation of soldiers across the North Sea from the town of Dunkirk to England. The Allied armies were trapped by the sea and were quickly being encircled on all sides by the Germans. -
The Battle of Leningrad
The Battle of Leningrad resulted in the deaths of millions of the city's civilians and Red Army defenders. Also, Leningrad was one of the initial targets of the German invasion too. The Germans maintained their siege with a single army, and defending Soviet forces numbered on the German-Soviet front. In addition, by the end of the siege, people are thought to have died from starving to death on Christmas Day. Furthermore, the first German artillery shell fell on Leningrad on September 1st, 1941. -
Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers flew over the US naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, destroying every ship in sight while many soldiers were still asleep in their beds. 2400 Americans were killed and the Surprise attack lasted less than two hours. This attack targeted the US Congress' decision to declare war on Japan at the request of Roosevelt. Three days later, the other Axis powers declared war on the United States. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust is the word associated with the mass murder of some 6 million European Jews and members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, by the German Nazi regime throughout the second World War. To many Germans, Jews were an inferior race, an alien threat to German racial purity and community. Jews were sent to concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, all over Europe. The first mass killings of Jews in concentrations camps began in 1942. -
The Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle of World War II. Nazi Germany and its allies battled the Soviet Union for the territory of a city in Russia.The Battle of Stalingrad is recognized to have been the turning point in World War II as well. The battle at Stalingrad beat the German army. The Battle for Stalingrad was fought during the winter. Many Germans had died in the fighting and was a great humiliation for Hitler. The battle was the first major German loss during World War II. -
D-Day
D-Day took place on Normandy, France and was code-named Operation Neptune because it involved a water landing by the Allies. It is the largest military operation by sea in history. It consisted of the Allied Forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacked German forces on the coast. The Allies attacked and gained a victory that became the turning point for World War II. It was also important because it was the main Allied invasion of continental Europe and allowed Germany to be defeated. -
The Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference was a meeting held between the United States, Great Britain and Russia. The Yalta Conference was led by the 'Big Three' heads of governments. The purpose of the Yalta Conference was to discuss the surrender and occupation of Nazi Germany, the defeat of Japan and peace plans for the post war world. Furthermore, several agreements reached during the Yalta Conference were broken and led to tensions between the United States and Russia which eventually led to the Cold War. -
The Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle in Europe. It resulted in the fall of the German army and an end to Adolf Hitler's rule.The battle was fought between the German Army and the Soviet Army. The Soviet army outnumbered the Germans. Many of the German soldiers were sick, wounded, or starving. The German army included young boys and old men. The Battle of Berlin resulted in the surrender of the German army and the death of Hitler. The Soviet Union and the Allies won the battle. -
Fat Man Bomb
The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. The explosion was huge therefore the city was destroyed, and many of people were killed. The bomb was dropped by a plane named the Enola Gay. The bomb was over 10 feet long and weighed around 10,000 pounds. Despite witnessing the terrible destruction of the bomb on Hiroshima, Japan still refused to surrender. In addition, around 30% of the population of Hiroshima were killed.
