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Allies.
Two major defence alliances in europe.The Triple Entente,later known as the "allies",consist of France, Britain,and russia.the Triple Aliance consist of Germany,Austiria-Hungry and Italy -
Central Power
German and Austria-Hungary,together with the Ottoman Empire(middle easterns controled by the turks)
the alliance provided a measure of international security because nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke F.F was the heir to the Austria throne,visited the Bosnain capital.
Serbisn nationalist Gsrvrilo Princi (member of Black Hand an organization promoting serbian nationalist) stepped from the croud and shot the Archduke & this wife. This caused a diplomatic crisist -
Schlieffen Plan
By following this plan Germany ivnaved Belgium.This plan called for a holding action Russia,combined with a quick drive through Belgium to Paris;after France had fallen, the two geerman armies woulld defeat Russia -
Sinking of British liner Arabic
A U-Boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland.1,198 people were lost The Germans defended their action on the frounds that the liner carried amunition.Despite their explation,Americans became outrage with Germany because of the loss life.American public opinion turned against Germany and the Central powers. -
Sinking of British liner Arabic
Just # months later a U-Boat sank another British liner,drowning two americans.Again the U.S protested and this time Germany agreed not to sink anymore passenger ships. -
Sinking of the French passenger liner sussex
Germany broke their promise and tropedoed an unarmed French passenger steamer,the Suessex.About 80 passengers were killed or injured including Americans.U.S warned that is would break off diplomatic relations unless germany changed its tactics.Germany agreed again but there was one condition...If Us could not persude Britain to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers, Germany would consider renewing unresticted submarine warfare -
Zimmermann Note
a telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was interccepted by British agents.The telegram proposed an alliance batween these two and promised that if war with the US broke out,Germnany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory such as "Texas, New Mexico and Arizona" -
Battle of Somme
(lasted til mid-november)(First battel)-The British suffered 60,000 casualties the first day alone.Final causualties totaled about 1.2 million. This continued for about 3 years -
convoy system
American Vice aadmirieal William S Sims convinced the British to try this system..Which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and fouth across the Atlantic in groups.Shipping losses had been cut in half -
Selective Servise Act of 1917
The act required men to register with the government in orger to be randomly selected tfor military service.By the end of 1918, 24 million men had registered under the act.
3 million were called up -
War Industries Board (WIB)
Reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M.Baruch.A prosperous businessman.The boad encouraged companies to us mass-production techniques to increase efficiency...US's production increased by 20 precenet.However the WIB applied price controls only at the wholesale level -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
A person can be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort -
Second Battle of the Marne
US helped with the victory.The tide had turned against the central powers. -
National War Labor Board
Presedent Wilson was the establisher of this.Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose thier draft exemptions "Work or Fight".The board also worked to improve factory conditions.It pushed for 8 hour shifts, promoted safety inspections -
Food Administration
To help produce and conserve food, Wilsom set up the F.A under Herbert Hoover,Instead of rationingfood. he called on people to follow the "gospel of the clean plate" -
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
To popularize the war, the government meset up the nations first propaganda agency, Head of CPI was a former muckrakinng journalisst named George Creel.However, while the campaign promoted patriotism it also inflamed hatred and violations of the civil liberties of certain ethnic groups and opponents of the war -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
This same day German sailors mutinied against govermant authority,the mutiny spred quickly -
Establishment of the German Republic
Everywhere in Germany group of soilders and workers organized revolutionary councils.
Socialist leaders inn the capital, Berlin established a German republic .The Kasier gave up the throne -
Cease-fire armistice
Germans were too exauseted to fight so Germany agreed to a cease-fire and sighned the armistice(a truce to end the war)
