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Battle of the Atlantic
- German U-boats were sinking unprotected Allie's merchant ships.
- The Allies began using conveys as protection, as well as sonar systems.
- By about mid-1943, the Allies had the upper hand.
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Battle of the Coral Sea
- Japan won this battle, but the Allies were able to stop the invasion for the first time.
- The U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken their forces.
- Prior to this battle, Japan was winning every battle.
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Battle of Midway
- Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted a Japanese code.
- The U.S. launched a surprise attack on Japan.
- The U.S. was successful in this.
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Battle of Stalingrad
- The Germans violated a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and attacked, with Hitler hoping to capture their oil fields.
- The Germans almost won, and then winter arrived.
- Since Hitler forced the Germans to stay through the winter, the Soviets used it to their advantage and won, which was the turning point of World War II.
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France
- France is freed from Nazi control.
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Normandy Invasion
- The Soviet Union was pushing into Poland, with 150,000 Allied troops attacking.
- After a month, a million more casualties had occurred.
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Battle of the Bulge
- German tanks broke through American lines, fighting in Belgium.
- This was one of the most extensive wars of the U.S. military.
- Americans ended up winning, but it was very close, with 200,00 casualties in total.
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Yalta Conference
- Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in the Soviet Union, to discus what would happen after World War II.
- They also set up the United Nations.
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Potsdam
- Truman, Churchill and Stalin meet in Germany to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazis.
- They divided Germany into 4 sections, and set up the Nuremberg Trials to prosecute Nazi leaders.
- Stated that Japan must surrender under no conditions.
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Nuremberg Trials
- An international tribunal court tried Nazi officials from over 23 nations.
- Half of the defendants were given the death sentence, while the rest were given lesser sentences.
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U.S. Occupation of Japan
- Similar trials were held for Japanese war criminals (as were held for Nazi war criminals).
- While the U.S. occupied Japan, they called for a new constitution, and introduced a free market economy.
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Iwo Jima
- This was an island in the Pacific that was critical in for a U.S. win.
- 27,000 Japanese troops held this island.
- The U.S. won.
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Battle of Okinawa
- This was Japan's last defensive stronghold.
- Japan use 1900 Kamikaze attacks.
- There were 113, 500 casualties in total, with the U.S. winning.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt dies
- The U.S. goes through a grieving period.
- Harry S. Truman takes over as president.
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Hitler dies
- Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide, buy gun and cyanide.
- Their bodies were burned.
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Time Magazine
- Hitler is the cover of Time Magazine, after his death.
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Victory in Europe Day
- General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich.
- This indicated that the first part of the war was over.
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Manhattan Project
- 200,000 Japanese died because of the Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- Hiroshima collapsed to dust in 43 seconds.
- In Nagasaki, it leveled half the city.
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V-J Day
- Japan offered an unconditional surrender.
- September 2nd was the formal surrender.
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Pearl Harbour
- U.S. broke Japan's secret codes, warned U.S. military about the incoming attack.
- Since it was a Sunday morning, and the military hadn't been warned in time, they were caught off guard.
- There were 2 attacks, with 3578 military and civilian casualties.