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Paris Peace Conference
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The Allied powers met at the Palace of Versaille to create the Treaty of Versailles ending WWI. The Treaty created the League of Nations that was supposed to keep peace after WWI. -
Nine Power Treaty
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A treaty affirming the sovereignty of China. China was granted sovereignty as long as its doors were open to others. signed by China and the United States, Great Britain (for the British Empire), Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands. -
Mussolini Takes Over Italy's Government
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As the economy was bad in Italy due to World War I, Mussolini rose as a leader. He eventually took over Italy in a march to control the national government. -
Beer Hall Putsch
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This was Hitler's attempt to overthrow the Weimar government of Ebert and install a conservative nationalist government. Lead by Adolf Hitler, this group attempted coup d'etat beginning in the bavarian city of Munich. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
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An agreement to outlaw war signed in Paris. This agreement was an international effort to stop a world war from occuring but did little to help. -
U.S. Stock Market Crash
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Known as "Black Tuesday" was the day where millions of stocks exchanged hands and the stock market went down about 80%. This accelerated a global economic collapse also acting as a factor towrads the Great Depression. -
Japan Invades Manchuria
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In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, their first step twoards controlling all of east asia. Japan being an imperialistic country was modernizing itself. Manchuria was the most obvious targert for a full-scale invasion after Japanese troops pushed into China. This was a factor leading into the start of WWII. -
Nazis reach a political majority in Germany
Nazis become the greatest power in germany politically. there are so many followers who caved to becoming nazis through hitlers propaganda. -
Hitler is appointed Germany's Chancellor
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Hitler is announced Chancellor of Germany after people support his rise to power. This is because of peoples anger due to Germany's economic state, the loss of WWII, and the harsh consequences from the treaty of Versailles. -
Japan Withdraws from League of Nations
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Japan withdrew from the league of nations, one reason is because Japan would oppose any action towards international control of Manchuria. -
Rohm Purge
A purge was started in Germany that Nazi's took advantage of to kill political leaders that were against them. This formed an agreement between the Nazis and teh German Army, allowing Hitler to acquire absolute power. -
Hitler openly defies the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler Defies the Treaty of Versailles by having too large of a military. He also militarized the Rhineland, and militarized in general. Hitler also annexed Austria, breaking the treaty. -
Nuremberg Laws
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Anti-Jewish laws enfored by Germany. Adolf Hitler thought it was time to get rid of Jewish influence in the Aryan society. -
Italy Invades Ethiopia
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Fascist Italian leader Benito Mussolini took on Hitlers policies when Italy invaded Ethiopia. These actions were justified by stating that Italy was expanding territory and that other African countries were doing the same. Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations. -
Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
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Hitler agreeed with the "buffer" placed between Germany and France but soon after, falsified his agreement to not militarize the Rhineland. Britain and France were notified, but with appeasement stuck in their heads, did nothing, -
Rome-Berlin Axis
Hitler and Mussolini made an alliance and publicly announced it. This alliance was previously not going to be formed because of some mistrust between the leaders. This alliance let the final pieces start to fall in place for WWII as Germany and Italy knew they had solid allies. -
Germany Annexes Austria
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Germany annexed, or "connected" Austria into the third reich. Germany forced a Union onto Austria defying the peace treatiez that stopped WWII. Austria let the Nazi party into its cabinet but Hitler was not satisfied. -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
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Britain, France, and Italy signed an agreement allowing Hitler to annex the Sudetenland. This land belonged to Czechoslovokia but was also home to many ethnic Germans. Germany threatened to take the Sudetenland by force, and the Czech govt. resisted, but Britain and France wanted to avoid war at all costs. -
Munich Conference
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This was the agreeement signed by Great Britain, France, and Italy that allowed Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovokia such as the Sudetenland. People tried to talk hitler out of wanting to annex the Sudetenland but he didn't give in and most countries caved to appeasement and the Sudetenland was annexed. -
Franco becomes Dictator of Spain
During the Spanish Civil War, General Francisco Franco was head of the rebel nationalist govt. in Spain. It took over two years for Franco to defeat the Republicans in the civil war and become ruler of all of Spain. -
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
When Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a pact that stated that the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. Stalin viewed the pact as a way to keep his nation at peace with Germany. -
Nazi invasion of Poland
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1.5 million German troops invaded Poland's border while at the same time, Germans bombed Polish airfields and German naval forces attacked Polish naval forces in the Baltic sea. -
Battle of Britain
German and British air forces fought int he skies over the United Kingdom to make the longest sustained bombing campaign in that time. -
Lend Lease Act
This act let the president transfer arms or any other defense materials that the congress gave money for to Britain, the Soviet Union, China, Brazil, and many other countries. -
Operation Barbarossa
This is when Adolf Hitler launched his armies into an invasion of the Soviet Union. Three army groups with over 3 million soldiers, and three thousand tanks smashed across the frontier into Soviet territory. -
Pearl Harbor Bombing
This is when hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked an American naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii. It lasted two hours and more than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack. The day after, America declared war on Japan. -
Wannsee Conference
During this conference, Nazi Officials met to discuss "The Final Solution to the Jewish Question." This was basically just deciding what to do with the jews. Many ideas were brought up including mass sterilization and moving the jews to Poland to work them to death in concentration camps. -
Doolittle Raid
This was when 16 American bombers 650 miles east of Japan, attacked the Japanese mainland. One B-25 came so close that a Japanese soldier could see it even though it didn't fire a shot. -
Battle of Midway
During this battle, the U.S. stopped Japan from ambushing the United States' few air craft carriers that we had left. This was one of the most descisive battles in WWII due partly to our advances in code-breaking. -
Battle of Stalingrad
This battle was the success of the Russians guarding and protecting the Russian city of Stalingrad during WWII. Russians and most historians consider this the greatest battle of the entire conflict. This turned the war in favor of the allies and was one of the bloodiest wars in history with military and civilian casualties of nearly 2,000,000. -
D-Day and Operation Overlord
On D-Day the Allies liberated Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control. The battle began when American, British and Canadian forces invaded five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the coast of France’s Normandy region. -
Operation Valkyrie
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During World War II German military officials planned to murder Adolf Hitler and then take control of his government. This plan failed when a bomb planted in a briefcase went off but did not kill Hitler. -
Battle of the Bulge
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Also known as Operation Mist this battle was meant to push the Allied front line west from northern France to northwestern Belgium. It was called the Battle of the Bulge because the Germans created a bulge around a part of the Ardennes forest. -
Adolf Hitler commits suicide
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Hitler knew Germany was folding, and after many attempts of assasinations of this Nazi leader and being help up in Berlin by soviets Hitler retreated to a bunker under his headquarters in Berlin. he commited suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule and then shooting himself in the head. After that, Germany surrendered to the Allies. -
V-E Day
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On this day, Great Britain and the United States celebrate their victory. V-E stands for Victory in Europe. This marks the day that the German soldiers layed down their weapons and surrendered. -
Little Boy Dropped
On August 6th, 1945, An American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb. This bomb, nicknamed "little boy," was anything but. It had the equivalent force of 12,500 tons of TNT. It was dropped on Japan over the city of Hiroshima and killed 80,000 people. -
Fat Man Dropped
This second atomic bomb nicknamed "Fat Man" was dropped over Hiroshima after the Japanese War Council did not accept our demand for unconditional surrender. This bomb had the equivalent of 22,000 tons of TNT and killed anywhere between 60,000 and 80,000 people. Exact numbers are impossible due to the fact that the bomb disintegrated bodies and records. -
V-J Day
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Similar to V-E day, V-J Day (Victory in Japan Day) was when the United States celebrated their Japanese victory. Japanese troops surrendered to Americans while representatives of their emperor and prime minister were preparing to make their capture formal. -
Nuremberg Trials
These were court trials against 24 high-ranking Nazis. The were done by an international tribunal made up of representatives from the US, the Soviet Union, France, and Great Britain. This was the first of its kind in history. The Nazis faced charges like crimes against peace, crimes of war, and crimes against humanity. -
Japanese War Crime Trials
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During these court trials, 28 Japanese Military and Government officials were accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II. 25 out o fhte 28 Japanese were guilty. 2 of the other 3 died during trial, and the 3rd was declared insane.
