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Battle of Atlantic
- Jan.1942 - July.1943 were the decisive
- German U-Boats were sinking unprotected U.S. and other Allies' merchant ships
- The Allies also used a sonar system to detect German U-Boats
- Allies began using convoys to protect ships -The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid - 1943, the Allies had the upper hand
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Pearl Harbor
- 2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
- Impact/Damage on U.S. o 2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives o 1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded o 18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged
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Battle of the Coral Sea
-Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle and taking over the Pacific
-May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from invading
-Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to stop Japan invasion for the first time
-U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken Japan’s forces -
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Battle of Midway
-Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese code
-U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific island called Midway
-U.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway -
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Battle of Stalingrad
- Germans violated nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and attacked
- Hitler hoped to capture Soviet oil fields
- Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 of the city)
- Winter of 1943 hit
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Normandy Invasion (D-Day)
- During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy
- Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack
- 150 000 Allied troops invaded
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Battle of the Bulge
- German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front)
- Fought in Belgium
- Germany was trying to capture Antwerp
- Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S. military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns and pistols)
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Potsdam
- Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany -Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime
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Nuremberg Trials
International tribunal court tried Nazi officials
Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany
12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death
200 other officials were found guilty, but given lesser sentences -
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Yalta Conference
-Took place February 1945 before WWII was over
-Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWII
-Set up United Nations -
V-E Day
- V-E Day = Victory in Europe
- 1st part of War was over
- Germany surrendered