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World War II
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Hitlers Imperalism 1
In 1933 Hitler came head in power in Germany, and wanted to make Germany powerful again. He wanted to take back the territory that he thought was rightfully Germany’s land. In 1936 Hitler ordered troops into Rhineland and area along Germany’s western border. Two years later Germany annexed and took over Austria breaking the Treaty of Versailles. France and Britain were very weak and negotiated with Hitler to make peace. They treated Hitler with appeasement and Hitler took full advantage. -
Hitlers Imperalism 2
Hitler promised not to invade Czechoslovakia and did a few months later breaking the promise. Soviet Union felt worried about their safety so they made a non-aggression pact with Germany. Soon after Hitler invaded Poland causing a bitter fight, Britain and France right after declared war on Germany. The League of Nations could not stop Germany’s raids, but they just did not have the military force to stop Hitler’s totalitarian state. -
Canada's Response To War 1
Throughout the events of the 1930’s, Canada practised isolationism. They kept out of any conflicts outside of their borders. William Lyon Mackenzie King did not want Canada to become in another world conflict. Canada hoped that Britain’s policy of appeasement towards Hitler would be successful. Canada did not want conscription to break their nation apart again. Also Canada’s economy was just slowly improving, and King did not want the country to plunge into debt. -
Canada's Response To The War 2
Lots of people in Canada including Mackenzie King thought domestic disputes should not involve or affect them. In the 1930’s Canada restricted immigration and deported lots of people home. They allowed few Jewish immigrants to immigrate to get away from Hitler, most where deported home. -
Canada'a Response To The War 3
There was a boat called the SS ST Louis which had 907 Jewish immigrants on it trying to escape from Hitler. Canada denied their access to immigrate and they all had to go home to Hitler’s Concentration camps. Canada admitted 5000 Jewish immigrants between 1933-45. -
Axis 2
After the attacks on France and Belgium, the French decided to completely evacuate Dunkirk on June 4th. The evacuation saved around 340000 soldiers. Soon the French surrendered to Germany. Hitler then launched “Operation Sea Lion” his plan was to invade Britain with bombings and the blitz. -
Axis 3
The Royal Air Force (RAF) was up to the challenge. The German Air force could not defeat the RAF because of their advanced navigation systems. Hitler soon gave up, this battle claimed 23000 people lives mostly civilians were killed. -
The Beginning 1
On September 1st 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later Britain and France declared war on Germany. Everyone thought Canada would soon declare war and join Britain. On September 8th King called a special session of parliament to decide what to do about the war. After the vote was favouring going to war, Canada declared war on September 10th 1939. King said that for this war “Conscription shall be enacted”. -
War At Home (During WWII)
War At Home
The effects of WWII at home in Canada was basically everyone was working hard and made enormous contributions, In 1944 Canada produced 14,000 tanks and personnel carriers, more than 4000 aircraft, and 16,000 artillery pieces. Women worked as welders, drillers, and punch-press or machine operators or even factory workers. The economy went into a boom with increased employment and production, People had more money to spend. King promised no conscription but later it came in to action. -
Crimes against Humanity
The Holocaust and Japanese torture on prisoners of war became known as crimes against humanity after WWII. The Holocaust was a vicious genocide where the Nazi’s round up the Jewish and placed them in internment camps, and tortured and murdered millions of the Jewish civilians. The atrocities of Asia occurred when the Japanese took prisoners of war and killed, experimented, famine, tortured, and forced labour. -
The Beginning 2
Canada was able to put together 58000 volunteers. Canada agreed to host and run the “British Commonwealth Air Training Plan” (BCATP), the program trained 130000 pilots and engineers. Canada paid 2.2 billion dollars for the program. Canada soon brought total war and all buissness where listening to the government to what to make. Vancouver made naval ships, Montreal made planes, and even farmers where told what to grow to be sent overseas. -
Axis 1
With the declaration of the war in 1939 the allies of commonwealth were France, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. The other alliances were Germany, Italy, and Japan. There was no war for 7 months, and then Germany made new war and attacked Denmark and Norway. The Germans had a new tactic called Blitzkrieg which brought speed and power which was very hard to defend against, and Denmark Belgium, and Norway were all captured. -
War in the Pacific 1
During the early 1900’s many countries were expanding their territory in the South Pacific for their resources like oil, rubber, and tin. Japan knew these actions would certainly involve the United States, so they bombed pearl harbour and US territory in the Philippines on December 7th 1941. -
War in the Pacific 2
On December 8th they declared war on japan, which also meant on Germany and Italy as well. Hours after japan attacked Hong Kong, which was being defended with allied and Canadian troops. The whole city was taken over by Christmas, with all allied soldiers either being killed or taken hostage by the Japanese. -
Battle of the Atlantic, and War in the Air
The Canadian Navy has grown to 400+ vessels and over 100,000 men, their job was mostly to ship food and military supplies to Britain. Canada developed “corvettes” to escort convoys of supply ships across the Atlantic. The Canadian Air-Force had 35 squadrons had over 215000 people enlisted. They participated in bombing raids in North Africa, Italy, Northwest Europe, and Southeast Asia. Both the Canadian Air-Force and the navy played a big role in the Second World War. -
Axis Advance 1
Once Hitler was certain of victory in France, the Axis forces began a 3 year campaign in the deserts of North Africa. They fought over agricultural lands of Africa and the rich oil fields of the Middle East. Italy invaded Abyssinia, and Britain invaded Libya. The fights were to try and gain access points, and straits. There were no real decisive victories, until 1943 where the allies won the fight on North Africa and then headed for Sicily. -
Dieppe and Italian Campaign 1
In the middle of 1942 the allies were demanded to invade Dieppe beach, which is a beach Normandy) by Stalin to try to weaken the German forces from the west. The Canadian convoy had a brief battle with a German convoy, so this slowed the Canadians down, resulting in the Canadians showing up at Dieppe beach in the light of day. When they showed up they couldn’t get the tanks up the beach because of steep slants and small pebbles. Foot soldiers were destroyed by German machine guns and snipers. -
Dieppe and Italian Campaign
Many troops got trapped on the beach. The Dieppe raid was a terrible failure, almost 100 were killed and almost 2000 were taken prisoner. Around 1943, allied and Canadian forces invaded Italy and Sicily, which Winston Churchill called “the soft underbelly of Europe.” It took only 38 days to capture Sicily. A very important battle in Italy was the battle of Ortona, an ancient city on the Adriatic Sea. The battles were often in steep, rubble filled streets. Canada lost 1372 soldiers, and won. -
Axis Advance 2
Hitler then launched “Operation Barbosa” The attack was to take over the soviet Union’s rich agricultural land and oil fields. Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the unprepared Union. -
Axis Advance 3
They captured much of their land till the skirts of Moscow where the cold winters of Russia hit the unprepared Germans, they lost all their advantage. Soon all the other allies engaged on Germany giving them 300000 casualties causing them to surrender. The Soviets soon went on the offensive and took back all their land and joined the allies. -
Changes in Canada After WWII
Changes throughout the war had occurred every part of Canada’s economy had boomed. Agriculture once the most important part of Canadian economy had been over taken by manufacturing. The second World War changed Canadian society in several ways one being the 48,000 war brides along with 21,000 children arrived from Europe to join soldier-husbands after the war. In addition to the war brides thousands of people displaced by the war moved to Canada to start a new life. -
D-Day and Juno Beach
June 6th 1944, D-Day. The allies launch a full invasion of Europe called “operation overload”. They attacked the 5 main beach heads in Normandy. Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword, which were all code names for the beaches they were going to attack. Troops were brought to the beach by boats, as well as paratroopers being dropped behind enemy lines. The German defence was poorly coordinated, so allied troops, as well as many Canadian troops captured Normandy. -
Battle of Scheldt, and Battle of Rhineland
The battle of Scheldt and Rhineland ensued; both these fights were slow, long, and exhausting. At the Scheldt, the Canadians job was to clear German troops out of the Scheldt river area. At the Rhineland, approximately 175000 Canadians and many more allies drove the Germans back over the Rhine. The Germans lost about 90000 men, and about 52000 were taken prisoner. The Germans withdrew from the east bank of the Rhine. -
Atomic Bombs & Japan
Atomic Bombs & Japan
Hiroshima and Nagasaki are two famous Japanese cities because they had atomic bombs dropped on them in WWII. The United States were trying to force the Japanese to surrender in WWII and the US needed a way to force them into a submissive position since the Japanese said they’d fight until the last man. The United States of America then had a top secret plan called the “Manhattan Project” which was to make an atomic bomb; they gave warning to Canada and Canada agreed to help
