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End of the Spanish Civil War
ended with the victory of the Nationalists and the exile of thousands of left-leaning Spaniards, many of whom fled to refugee camps in Southern France. With the establishment of a Fascist dictatorship led by General Francisco Franco in the aftermath of the Civil War, all right-wing parties were fused into the structure of the Franco regime -
Operation Pied Piper
The evacuation of civilians in Britain during the Second World War was designed to save civilians in Britain, particularly children, from the risk of the aerial bombing of cities by moving them to areas thought to be less at risk. Operation Pied Piper, which began on 1 September 1939, officially relocated more than 3.5 million people. -
Invasion of Poland
This event marked the main event that led to Second World War when the German Luftwaffe (airforce) and Panzer (tank) divisions attacked Poland using the "Blitzkrieg" or lightning war method. Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later, but there was little they could do. The Polish airforce was taken out and they did not possess any motorized divisions and still relied heavily on cavalry. on September 17th, the Soviet Union attacked Poland and by the 29th, Poland was eliminated. -
Battle of the Atlantic
This was the ongoing struggle of Britian trying to keep her sea lanes open from North America and her empire. German Submarines and bombers damaged shipping destroying allied ships faster than they were being produced. During the spring of 1943, German U-boats sank 107 Allied ships in a 20 day period. After this incident, radar became available on naval support groups to guide aircraft and Allied ships were now organized into convoys protected by warships. This created a safe trade route. -
Phoney War
The Phoney War was a phase early in World War II that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies (the United Kingdom and France) against the German Reich. The phase covered the months following Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany (shortly after her invasion of Poland) in September 1939 and preceding the Battle of France in May 1940. -
Winter War
The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. Although Finland was drastically outnumbered in the terms of soldiers, aircraft, and tanks, the morale and efficiency of the Soviet forces had been crippled by Stalin's Great Purge allowing the Finns to take out many forces. Finland eventually surrendered to the Soviets and signed a peace treaty on the 12th of March, 1940. This was the first event leading up to "Barbarossa", Germany's betrayal. -
Evacuation of Dunkirk
This was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbours of Dunkirk when British, French, and Belgian troops were trapped by Hitler's forces. 340,000 troops were evacuated between may 27th and june 4th by the British navy and practically any sea vessel such as fishing boats and ferries. Hitler could have eliminated these forces who were trapped but did not, allowing the Allied troops to live to fight another day as well as providing them with a moral victory. -
Fall of France
The German forces quickly drove through France after Dunkirk. Mussolini declared war on France on June 10th. the French forces were virtually useless to the blitzkrieg strategy. On June 14th, Germany entered Paris and caused France to surrender on the 22nd. France fell quickly because the Maginot Line was useless, France did not use their tanks effectively, the French airforce lacked quality compared to the Luftwaffe, and the extreme left and right groups both opposed the war. -
Battle of Britain
This was a battle between Goering's Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force for the control of the English Channel. The Luftwaffe began air raids on convoys in the Channel in July, air fields on August 12, and radar stations. British planes were outnumbered 3:1 but possessed better fighter planes and had advanced radar. Hitler tried to break the will of the British but failed and postponed the invasion at the end of September. This was the first time Hitler had been denied conquest. -
The Blitz
The Blitz was the sustained strategic bombing of the United Kingdom by Germany during the Second World War. Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941 there were major raids on 16 British cities. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth three, and there was also at least one large raid on another eight cities. -
Babarossa
Hitler attacked a 2000 mile long front from the Baltic to the Black Sea, betraying Stalin and the Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact they formed. Most of the Soviet airforce was destroyed within the first day. The Red Army lacked experienced leadership due to the Purges by Stalin. Stalin invoked the scorched earth policy where the retreating civilians would prevent the Germans from gaining any resources. Eventually Nazi forces were 50 km from Moscow, but had to stop due to the cold Russian winter. -
Battle of the Coral Sea
It was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the United States and Australia. The battle was the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first in which neither side's ships sighted or fired directly upon the other. -
Battle of Stalingrad
Hitler's forces attacked the suburbs of Stalingrad, taking large sections of it. They took each street and each building, resulting in a large amount of casualties on both sides. The Red Army eventually fought back and by February 2nd 1943, 300,000 german troops surrendered. Hitler lost some of his best troops, was denied access to the Caucasus oil fields and was now forced to be defensive. This battle marked the beginning of Eastern Europe's liberation. -
Battle of El Alamein
Whoever won the battle in El Alamein would control the Suez Canal, a strategic strip of water. General Montgomery and his troops defeated General Rommel and forced the German/Italian troops to retreat across Africa. The Suez Canal was not taken, denying Hitler access to the Middle East’s oil. This victory proved that Hitler’s best forces could be beaten and showed the ability of tank and aircraft warfare in North Africa along with sophisticated strategies and tactics. -
Italian Campaign
Allied forces attacked Sicily using an amphibious attack. The Italian and German troops eventually forced to evacuate, clearing a landing for the Italian mainland. Mussolini and his fascist government was deposed of on September 8, 1943 but was saved by Hitler and placed in the North as a puppet dictator. Allied forces would take Rome on June 4, 1945 and Mussolini would be captured in late April by partisans. This occupied many German troops, making them unavailable to defend France. -
Tehran Conference
The Tehran Conference (codenamed Eureka[1]) was a strategy meeting held between Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943. It was held in the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. Although all three of the leaders present arrived with differing objectives, the main outcome of the Tehran Conference was the commitment to the opening of a second front against Nazi Germany by the Western Allies. -
Normandy Invasion
175,000 men would be involved in an amphibious assault. Allied troops had to take five beaches: beaches named Utah and Omaha were taken by the Americans, Gold and Sword by the British, and Canada took Juno. Allies were able to capture all of these beaches by the end of the day. This event is also known as Operation Overlord, D-Day, opening a Second Front, and "The Longest Day". The event was initially supposed to take place a day earlier, but was delayed due to weather issues. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was the last major offensive by the Germans, launched towards an Allied front in the Ardennes, Belgium. 200,000 German troops attacked 80,000 Allies but were stopped on Christmas day 60 miles in. Bombers flew over Germany nonstop and invasions took place. Soviet and American forces met south of Berlin in April, cutting the German military in two. Hitler committed suicide on April 30, Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, and Germany unconditionally surrendered on May 7. -
End of the War
The war in Europe ended with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August, and Nagasaki on 9 August.
