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Allies
(one of the 2 major defense alliances in Europe)The "triple entente" or allies consisted of germany,austria-hungary, and italy. -
Central Powers
(one of the 2 major defense alliances in Europe) Germany and Austria Hungary, togeth with the ottoman empire (an empire of mostly middle eastern lands controlled by the turks). The alliances provided a measure of international security bc nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power. -
1914 Assasanation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
A.Franz.Ferd-heir to the austrian throne, visited the Bosnian capital Sarajevo. As the royal entourage drove thru the city, serabian nationalist Gavrilo Pricip stepped from crowd and shot the duke and his wife! Princip was a mamber of "black hand", an organization promoting serbian nationalism. The assassinations touched off a diplomatic crisis. -
Schlieffen Plan
Germany invaded Belgium following this strategy. It called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium to paris. After france had falled, the two german armies would defeat russia. as german troops swept across belgium thousands of civilians fled to terror. -
Sinking of British Liner Lusitania
U boat sank it off the southern coast of ireland. Of the 1198 people lost, 128 were americans. The germans defended their action on the grounds that the liner carried ammunition.Despite germanys explanation, americans became outraged with germany bc of the loss of life. American public opinion turned against germany and the cerntral powers -
Sinking of British Liner Arabic
A uboat sank another brit liner. Drowning 2 americans. again the us protested amd this time germany agreed not to sink any more passenger ships. but they later did -
Sinking of French passenger linner Sussex
Germany broke its promise not to sink passenger ships when it sunk this one. it torpedoed this unarmed passenger steamer which sank with 80 passengers., including americans. Once again the us warned germany that they would break off diplomatic relations unless germany changerd itstactics. germany agreed only if the us could not persuade britian to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers -
Battle of the Somme
ended until mid nov. Scal of slaughter: horrific- British suffered 60,000 casualties the first day alone. final= 1.2 million, yet only about seven miles of ground changed hands. this bloody trench warfre (where armies fought for mere yards of ground continued over three years. -
Zimmermann note
the overt acts came, this one in particular. it was a tellegram from the german foreign minister to the german ambassador in mexico that was intercepted by british agents. the note proposed an alliance between mexico and germany and promised that if war with the us broke out, germany would support mexico in recovering "lost territory in texas, new mexico and arizona". -
Selective Service act of 1917
to meet the govs need for more fighting power, congress passed this. it required men to register w the gov in order to be randomly selected for military service. by end of 1918 24 million men registeredunder the act. of this number, 3 million were called up. about 2 million troops reached europe before the truce was signed and three-fourths of them saw actual combat -
Second battle of the Marne
In July and August, they helped win the second Battle of Marne. The tide had turned against the Central Powers. in september, U.S. soldiers began to mount offensives against the Germans at Saint Mihinel and in the Meuse-Argonne area. -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
n Jun 1917 Congress passed the Espionage Act, and May 1918 it passed the Sedition Act. Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interefering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the wat effort. Sedition Act of 1798 these laws clearly violated the spirit of the first admendment.The Espionage and Sedition Acts targeted socialists and labor leaders. -
War Industries Board
The War Industries Board. It was establish in 1917 and reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch a prosperouse businessman. The board encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase effciency, it also urged them to eliminate wast by standardizing products for instance. -
National War Labor Board
To deal with disputes between managment and labor, President Wilson established the National War Labor Board in 1918. workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions. -
Establishment of the German Republic
On November 9, socialist leaders in the capital, Berlin, established a German republic. The kaiser gave up the throne. -
Food Administration
Food Administration under Herbert Hoover. Instead of rationing food, he called on people to follow the "gospel of the clean plate." He declared one day a week "meatless," another "sweatless," two days "wheatles," and two other days "porkless". Restaurants removed sugat bowls from the table and served bread only after the first course. -
Austria-Hungary surrendered to the Allies
Austria-Hungary surrendered to the Allies. The same day german sailors mutanied against gov authiority, the mutany spread quickly. everywhere in germany groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils -
Cease- fire and armistice
So at the eleventh hour, on the elevneth day, in the eleventh mounth of 1918, Germany agred to a cease- fire and singed the armistice, or truce, that eneded the war.
