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Franco-Russian Alliance:
- Both Russia and France were concerned about Germany's growing power.
- The two nations decided to join forces for mutual protection as well.
- This was the beginning of what became the Allied side of World War I, the Triple Entente.
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Entente Cordiale
- Britain was concerned about German militarism, particularly the development of naval power, and feared that Germany would soon establish itself as a dominant power on the Continent.
- Britain also entered into an alliance with Russia, which was already in alliance with France.
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The Russo-Japanese War
- (1904-1905)
- A military conflict was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan.
- it was the first all-out war of the modern era in which a non-European power defeated one of Europe's great powers.
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Italy Invades Libya
- September 29, 1911 – November 1911
- Italian troops invaded the Turkish province of Libya (then part of the Ottoman Empire).
- started the Italo-Turkish War.
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- June 28, 1914
- One of the most important events that led to WW1
- During an official visit to the Bosnian capital, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were shot and killed by a Bosnian Serb nationalist.
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War is declared
- Germany declares war on -> Russia, France, and Belgium.
- Britain, Japan, and Montenegro -> declare war on Germany.
- Austria -> declares war on both Russia and Belgium
- Montenegro, France, Britain-> declare war on Austria
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The first Battle of Ypres
- Oct 19, 1914 – Nov 30, 1914
- Allied and German forces -> the first of what would be three battles to control the city
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Germany sinks HMS Lusitania
- A German submarine -> U-boat torpedoed the British-owned steamship Lusitania.
- Killing 1,195 people, including 128 Americans.
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The US enters the war
- The US was angered by Germany's torpedoing of neutral ships in the Atlantic, which often carried US citizens.
- The US formally declared war against Germany and entered the conflict in Europe.
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The Impact of 2 Battles Involving Canada
The Hundred Days: (8 August to 11 November 1918)
- Canadians played a key role -> in battle of the Hundred Days campaign.
- the German armies were driven back and defeated.
- Canada lost a lot of their soldiers as 45,835 killed, wounded or taken prisoner.
- And by the end of World War One, women had proven that they were capable of fulfilling roles that were traditionally undertaken by men, which challenged society's views on gender roles. -
The signing of the Armistice
- It was the agreement that stopped the fighting on the Western Front.
- Between the Allies and their last remaining opponent, Germany.
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The Impact of 2 Battles Involving Canada
Battle of the Somme (1916):
- The Battle of the Somme was one of the war's most significant campaigns.
- The bravery and great achievements of the Canadian soldiers there helped confirm their growing reputation as first-rate front-line soldiers capable of capturing enemy positions under heavy fire.
- However, the fallen from this battle were among the more than 66,000 Canadians and Newfoundlanders who lost their lives. -
The Impact of 2 Battles Involving Germany
Battle of Amiens:
- World War I battle that marked the beginning of what came to be known as the “hundred days,” which led to the collapse of the German army and the end of the war.
- Overall, more than 19,000 Allied soldiers were killed or injured, while the Germans lost more than 26,000 casualties
-- After that, they lost 13% of its land and 12% of its population to the Allies.
- Industrial output fell by over 40% between 1914 and 1918. -
The Impact of 2 Battles Involving Germany
Over three years: (World War l)
- 61 German cities, with a combined population of 25 million, were attacked
- 3.6 million homes were destroyed; 7.5 million people were made homeless
- 300,000 – 400,000 Germans were killed in the raids; and 800,000 people were wounded.
- Citizens faced-> poor economic conditions, skyrocketing unemployment, political instability, and profound social change
