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Allies
The Triple Entente consisted of France, Britain, and Russia. a major defense alliance in EU -
The Central Powers
The Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Major defense alliance in EU and supposed to provide a measure of international security because nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip shot Ferdinand and his wifre Sophie, member of the Black Hand. Incited war from Austria-Hungary against Serbia. Ally system pulled one nation after another into the conflict. Germany declared war on Russia, Germany declared war on France, Germany invaded Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary -
Schlieffen Plan
Strategy used when Germany invaded Belgium. Called for a holding action against Russia combined with a quick drive throught Belgium to Paris and after France had fallen the two German armies would defeat Russia. Allies retreated to the Marne River in France and halted the Germans, sieged for a long time in trenches. -
Sinking of the British liner Lusitania
U-boat sank this ship near Ireland. Americans outraged against Germany due to loss of life and caused American public opinion against Germany and the Central Powers. Explanation was that the liner carried ammo -
Sinking of British liner Arabic
Another U-boat sank this, U.S. protested and this time Germany agreed to not sink any more -
Battle of the Somme
British suffered 60k casualties day, 1.2mil in all. All trench warfare and fought for ground and was very inconclusive. -
Sinking of French Passenger liner Sussex
Germany broke their promise and torpedoed an unarmed passenger steamer. U.S. warned that they would break off diplomatic relations unless Germnay changed its tactics.Germany agreed on the condition that the U.S. would have to persuade Britain to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers Germany would consider renewing unrestricted submarine warfare. -
Zimmerman Note
A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German Embassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. Proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the US broke out then Germany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. -
Convoy System
A heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups. -
Second battle of the Marne
U.S. helped win this, turned the tides against the Central Powers, eventually mounted offensives against the Germans at Saint-Mihiel and in the Meuse-Argonne Sea. -
Selective Service Act
Required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. 24mil registered 3mil called up 2mil reached EU before the truce was signed and three fourths saw actual combat. one in five foreign born and most inductees didnt attend high school -
war industries board
Leadership of Bernard M. Baruch a businessman. Encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency. Urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products. Set productions quotas and allocated raw materials. -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
Same day, German sailors mutinied against government authority. Socialist leader in Berlin established German Republic, kaiser gave up the throne. 11thhour 11th day 11th month Germany ceased fire and signed truce to end war -
establishment of German Republic
Socialist leaders in Berlin established this -
cease fire and armistice
Truce between Germany and Allies. Ended the war due to Germans being too exhausted to fight. -
national war labor board
Dealt with disputes between management and labor. Workers could lose draft exemptions. Improved work conditions 8 hour work day, safety inspections, and enforced child labor ban -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Person could be fined 10k and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal , profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort. Targeted socialists and labor leaders. -
Food Administration
To help conserve and produce food, Herbert hoover. Gospel of the clean plate. Declared one day meatless, one day sweet less, two wheatless, and two porkless. Restaurants removed sugar bowls from the table and served bread after the first course. -
Committee on Public Information
Propaganda agency to popularize the war. George Creel persuaded nations artists and advertising agencies to help promote war.
