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World War 2
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Period: to
Italian-Ethiopian Conflict
-Showed the weakness of the League of Nations
-275,000 Ethiopeans were killed
-Led to Italian occupation of Ethiopia during WW2 -
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Spanish Civil War
-Conflict between Nationalists and Republicans
-Saw the rise of Francisco Franco
-Kept Spain mainly out of WW2 -
Germany invades the Rhineland
-First German invasion
-No repurcussions
-Rhineland had been a demilitarized zone between Germany and France. -
Nanking Massacre
-Japanese capture the Chinese city of Nanking
-Hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and unarmed solders were murdered by Japanese soldiers.
-Widespread rape and looting occurred. -
German Invasion of the Sudetenland
-Began German's annexation and occupation of Czechoslovakia
-The area was full of people who called themselves German.
-The Germans were seen as liberators. -
German Invasion of Poland
-Germany conquers Poland in a month
-Launch of Blitzkreig
-Germans invaded with 60 divisions, including 2,750 tanks. -
German-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Demarcation
-Occured after the Soviet / German joint invasion of Poland
-A follow up by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, signed before the invasion.
-Only a small portion of the treaty was announced. Most remained secret. -
France Surrenders to Germany
-Paris Falls
-Makes a divided France of German Occupied France and Vichy France which cooperated with the Germans. -
Destroyers for Bases Agreement
-Agreement between the US and the UK
-50 destroyers were given to the UK in exchange for land rights for bases on British land possessions. -
Tripartite Pact
-Established the Axis Powers of Germany, Japan, and Italy.
-Signed in Berlin.
-The Pact would later include unofficial signatories. -
ABC 1 Conference
-Established the principles of the Allied military strategy.
-While not a miltary alliance, it showed that the US would land with the Allies.
-Declares War in the far east as defensive. -
Operation Barbarossa
-The German invasion of the Soviet Union
-Over four million soldiers invaded at the same time, making it the largest invasion in the history of warfare.
-It included over 600,000 vehicles and 750,000 horses.
-It occurred over a 2,000-mile front -
The Atlantic Charter
-Based on Wilson's 14 points
-Becomes the basis of the UN
-Signed by Churchill and Roosevelt -
Period: to
Siege of Leningrad
-German siege against Leningrad (also called St. Petersburg)
-Over 130,000 Germans were killed.
-Over 1,000,000 Soviets were killed.
-Ended in a German defeat. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
-Japanese attack on the United States Fleet at Pearl Habor.
-1,247 men were wounded
-4 battleships were sunk
-The Japenese lost 29 aircraft -
Battle of the Coral Sea
-The first battle in which aircraft carriers engaged each other on both sides.
-A tactical victory for the Japanese in terms of ships sunk.
-A strategic victory for the US as it repelled a Japanese invasion. -
Battle of Midway
-Decisive victory by the US navy over the Japanese.
-Japan's first naval defeat since 1863.
-The Japanese lost 3,057 men.
-Seen as a turning point in the Pacific Theatre -
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Battle of Stalingrad
-Germans vs. the Soviet Union for the city of Stalingrad (now called Volgograd).
-The Germans end up losing and this marks their decadence in the Eastern Front
-Considered the turning point in the European theatre.
-850,000 Germans were killed
-1,120,000 Soviets were killed. -
Battle of Guadalcanal
-An air and sea battle over Guadalcanal and Japan's attempts to reinforce the island.
-The Japanese lost 2 battleships and over 2,000 men. -
Casablanca Conference
-Held in the Casablanca hotel in Morocco
-Planned for the next Allied moves in WW2
-Stalin did not attend but Roosevelt and Churchill did. -
Allied Invasion of Sicily
-Codenamed Operation Husky
-Launched the Italian Campaign
-160,000 men were landed over 3 weeks time.
-Faced 230,000 Axis soldiers, mainly Germans. -
Cairo Conference
-Held in Cairo, Egypt
-Outlined the Allied position against Japan
-Attended by the Big Three and Chiang Kai-shek of China. -
Tehran Conference
-Codenamed Eureka
-Held in the societ embassy in Tehran
-The Big Three attended (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin)
-Committed to opening a western front on Germany -
Normandy Invasion (D-Day)
-Allied invasion of continental Europe through Normany France.
-Codenamed Operation Neptune
-Over 150,000 troups landed.
-At least 10,000 men were killed in the assult on the beaches. -
Battle of Layte Gulf
-Possibly the largest naval battle in history.
-US liberates Leyte island.
-Decisive victory over the Japanese
-"Greatest Mismatch in History" as the small task force Taffy 3 destroys the Japanese Central Force. -
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Battle of the Bulge
-Germans invade throught the Arden forest
-Tried to split the Allied forces.
-THe Germans got stopped at Batogne.
-They ran out of fuel and supplies. -
Yalta Conference
-Meeting of the big three: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin.
-Discussed Europe's post-war reorganization and rebuilding.
-Became controlversial with the development of the Cold War -
Period: to
Battle for Berlin
-Final major offensive in the European theatre of war.
-The Soviets hit Berlin first.
-81,000 Soviets were killed.
-100,000 Germans were killed. -
V-E Day
-Allied victroy in Europe
-The formal acceptance by the Allies of Germany's unconditional surrender.
-Hitler had committed suicide on April 30th. -
Potsdam Conference
-Decisions were made on how to punish Germany
-Tried to establish post-war order
-Agreed on many ways to reorganize Germany. -
V-J Day
-Allied Victory over Japan
-Announcement of Japan's unconditional surrender.
-Also celebrated on September 2nd as the day when the Allies signed the formal surrender documents aboard the USS Missouri.