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Hitler takes control
In 1925 Paul von Hindenburg elected President of the Weimar Republic. By 1932 the Nazi party had become the largest party in the Reichstag. 38% majority.Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933 February 1933 the Reichstag burned down: blamed the Communists. Reichstag responded by suppressing communists and others and passed the "Enabling Act" which transferred its power to the president. 1934 President von Hindenburg died. Hitler --> "Der Fuehrer" [http://www.history.ucsb.edu] -
Leaders during World War 2
Adolf Hitler (1934-1945) - Nazi Germany
Winston Churchill - UK
JosephStalin - Soviet Union
Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)- US
Benito Mussolini - Italy
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953- 1961) - US
Douglas MacArthur (General) - US
Hirohito (Emperor of Japan 1926–1989) - Japan
Hideki Tojo - Japan
[http://www.rebresearch.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Axis-allied-mustaches2.jpg] -
United States' reaction to foreign aggression
1935 the U.S. passed Neutrality Act - no arms to warring nations
1939: "Cash n Carry" policy (purpose to aid the Allies)
[https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRva_VMit5KWAmlE0k6oNMdDz6U65-4l9tEUtCG6kW6pwFf_5am] -
Italy invades Ethiopia
A border incident between Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland that December gave Benito Mussolini an excuse to intervene. Rejecting all arbitration offers, the Italians invaded Ethiopia on October 3, 1935. [http://steelpulse.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ethiopiainvasion.jpg] -
Neville Chamberlain
He was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. Chamberlain is best known for his foreign policy of appeasement, and in particular, for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German-speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II.[https://www.biography.com/people/neville-chamberlain-9243721] -
Kristallnacht
The Night of Broken Glass -
anti-semitic riots in Germany and Austria.
30000 Jews rounded up and taken to concentration camps.
Homes, business, and synagogues destroyed [http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/kristallnacht/images/baden/photo03.jpg] -
Munich Conference
Goal: To stop further German aggression in Europe
Result: The Munich Pact gave Hitler the Sudetenland if he promised to end territorial demands
Policy: "Appeasement"
[https://amedia.britannica.com/700x450/61/129961-004-B07FE9CC.jpg] -
Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined. [https://fthmb.tqn.com/mPfKuImAJRF5FNydmS4Sb_Cwbpc=/768x0/filters:no_upscale()/munich-agreement-large-56a61c5c3df78cf7728b64ee.jpg] -
Germany invades Poland
September 1. 1939, Germany invaded Poland with the blitzkrieg attack. France and Great Britain declared war the next day.[https://www.pinterest.com/pin/41095415325190165/] -
Britain and France declare war
September 1. 1939 Germany invaded Poland with Blitzkrieg attack. France and Great Britain declare war the next day. [https://cllrandrewjames.wordpress.com/2011/09/03/3rd-september-1939-britain-and-france-declare-war-on-germany/] -
Germany resumed "Blitzkrieg" attacks
Neutral nations fell quickly ---> Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway
France fell to Hitler in late June 1940
[https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-6682c41fed9f2bc64ff227179b2a5d3c-c] -
Diplomacy was failing
The Appeasement was ineffective when dealing with Hitler
September 1940 Germany, Italy, and Japan signed Tripartite Pact (Axis Powers)
The U.S. Neutrality? Biased?
- 1940: WW1 destroyers given for bases deal with Great Britain
- 1941: Lend-Lease Act --> U.S. became the "Arsenal of Democracy"
[http://www.worldwar2facts.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Anti-Comintern-Pact.jpg] -
Germany invaded Russia
June 1941, Hitler double-crossed Stalin and invaded Russia through Poland.
It was a Big Mistake. Stalin used scorched Earth military tactic. They had a harsh winter and had lack of usable supplies resulted in over 1 million Nazi loses. [https://ricochet.com/archives/the-invasion-of-the-soviet-union-was-the-key-turning-point-of-world-war-two/] -
Key Nations at War
Allies: Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_participants_in_World_War_II.png/1200px-Map_of_participants_in_World_War_II.png] -
Island hopping
The Supreme Allied Commander for the Pacific Theater was General Douglas MacArthur. The U.S. Adopted the Island Hopping or LeapFrog strategy moving from island to island. The Fighting in the Pacific was difficult for several reasons: 100-degree heat --> humidity caused jungle rot and diseases. Many islands. Japanese motto "Death before dishonor" Kamikaze attacks: suicide attacks damaged 300 ships and caused 15000 casualties. [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/239464905170200867/] -
Key Victories for the Allies
Battle of Midway
- Japanese hoped to use Midway as a base to neutralize Pearl Harbor
- The balance of power in the Pacific shifted towards the Allies
Battle of Guadalcanal
- The Japanese advance was stopped
- All momentum shifted to the U.S.
Battle of Iwo Jima
- 20500 Japanese killed and 6000 U.S. lives lost
- Put Americans within striking distance of Japanese home islands
[http://levswar.weebly.com/uploads/2/7/8/5/27857003/4242092_orig.jpg] -
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
The U.S. Pacific Fleet was based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Attack was meant to cripple U.S. fleet so couldn't interfere with Japan. Six aircraft carries and 353 Japanese planes attacked in two waves. The U.S. declared war on Japan the next day. Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. on December 8, 1941. The U.S. was officially in the war! [https://www.stripes.com/polopoly_fs/1.445731.1482430593!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_900/image.jpg] -
European Theater
The Name was given to the fighting that took place in Europe.
1942: Britain stood alone against Axis
General Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Allied Commander of the European Theater.
Allies first invaded through Sicily and up into Italy.
Mussolini was overthrown and killed
[https://image.slidesharecdn.com/map-of-wwiieuropeantheatre-120221175607-phpapp01/95/map-of-wwii-european-theater-19421945-4-728.jpg?cb=1329848421] -
Eastern Front: Starlingrad
The Nazis were fighting the Russians in Stalingrad (August 1942 - February 1943) One of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare. Nazis are defeated; turning point of the war for the Allies
[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Eastern_Front_1941-06_to_1941-12.png/220px-Eastern_Front_1941-06_to_1941-12.png] -
Western Front: D-Day
General Eisenhower planned D-Day for June 6, 1944.
Allied invasion across the English Channel into Normandy, France.
Largest military invasion in history.
Allies success allowed them to push further into France
[http://spartacus-educational.com/FWWwestern.JPG] -
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler's last major offensive.
Allies were pushing from the west (from France), South though Italy, and from the East (Soviets)
Germany was surrounded.
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