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Allies
A group of nations consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia who then joined the US, Italy and other countries that opposed the central powers. Another name for the Allies is The triple Entente. -
Central Powers
A group of nations led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the ottoman Empire that opposed the allies. Both provided a measure of international security because nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power. As a result it set off major conflict. -
Assassination of Archduke Frandz Ferdinand
Heir to the Austrian Throne, visited the Bosnian capital, Sarajevo. As the royal entourage drove threw the city, Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip stepped from the crowed and shot him and his wife Sophie. Because of this Austria-Hungary declared what was expected to be a short war against Serbia. -
Schlieffen Plan
When Germany invaded Belgium: The plan called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium and Paris; after France had fallen, the two German armies would defeat Russia. -
Sinkling of the British Liner Lusitania
Germany was angry and Britain for the blockade. A German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. Of the 1,198 persons lost, 128 were American. The Germans defended their action by saying it was filled with Ammunition. America was angry at Germany because of the loss of life. America turned against Germany and Central Powers. -
Sinking of the British liner Arabic
Three months after the sinking of Lusitania, a U-boat sank another British Liner, the Arabic, drowning two Americans. The U.S protested and this time Germany agreed not to sink anymore passenger ships. -
Sinking of the French Passenger Liner Sussex
Germany Broke its promise of not attacking anymore passenger ships when it torpedoed an unarmed French passenger steamer, the Sussex. It sank and about 80 passengers including Americans were killed of injured. The US warned Germany to change their tactics or diplomatic relations would be cut off. Germany agreed under one condition: if the US could persuade Britain to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers. -
Zimmerman Telegram
A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. It proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the US broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering its lost territory in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. -
Battle of the Somme
The first battle of Somme lasted until mid November. The British suffered 60,000 casualties the first day. The total were 1.2 million. French and British against the Germans. -
Selective Service Act of 1917
To meet the gov. need for more fighting power. The Act Required men to register with the gov. in order to be randomly selected for military services. By the end of 1918 24 million men had registered under the Act. From this 3 million were called up. Most of them had not attended high school. -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
June 1917 Espionage Act passed,May 1918 Sedition Act passed. Violated 5th Amendment and targeted socialist and labor leaders a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal about the government or war effort. House of Representatives refused to seat Victor Berger, Eugene V. Debs handed a 10 year prison sentence, Emma Goldman received 2 year prison sentence and $10,000 for No Conscript League. -
Convoy System
American Vice Admiral William S. Sims convinced the British to try convoy system, which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups. Because of this shipping losses had been cut in half. Used to combat threat of unrestricted submarine warfare. -
Second Battle of the Marne
This battle turned the tide against the central powers. In the battle US troops throwed back German attacks at chateau- Thierry and Belleau Wood. -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
Austria-Hungary surrendered to the Allies. That same day, German sailors mutinied against government authority. The mutiny spread quickly. In Germany, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils. -
Establishment of the German Republic
Socialist leaders in the capital Berlin, established a German republic. The kaiser gave up the throne. -
Cease-fire and Armistice
There were no Allied soldiers on German territory and no truly
decisive battle had been fought, the Germans were too exhausted to continue fighting. Germany agreed to a cease-fire and signed the armistice, or truce,that ended the war. -
War Industries Board
Established 1917, Recognized 1918 by Bernard M. Baruch. Encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency. WIB set production quotas and allocated raw materials, US industry production increased 20%. Retail prices and corporate profits increase. -
National War Labor Board
Established by Pres. Wilson. Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions." work or fight" the board told them. It improved factory conditions. it pushed for an eight hour workday, promoted safety inspections, and enforced child labor ban. -
Food Administration
Managed by Herbert Hoover and set by wilson. Instead of rationing out the food he called people to follow the "gospel of a clean plate." One day "meatless", two days "wheatless', another "sweetless, the other two days "porkless" resturants removed sugar bowls from the table and served bread after first course. Result- American food shipments to Allies tripled increased income 30% -
Committee on Public Information
Nation's first propaganda agency. Bias info used to influence people's thoughts and actions. Head of CPI: journalist George Creel. 75,000 men to become "4 minute men" talked about everything on war. Printed 25 million copies of " How the war came to America". result-increase patriotism but also inflamed hatred and violations of civil liberties of certain ethnic groups and opponents of the war.
