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Allies
This was also known as the Triple Entente which consisted of France, Britain, and Russia -
Central Powers
Germany and Austria-Hungary, together with the Ottoman Empire (of Middle Eastern lands controlled by the Turks) were later known as the CENTRAL POWERS. -
Schlieffen Plan
Germany invaded Belgium by using the SCHLIEFFEN PLAN, which called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium to Paris; after France had fallen, the 2 German armies would defeat Russia -
Sinking of British liner Lusitania
A U-boat sank the LUSITANIA off the southern coast of Ireland. Of the 1,198 persons lost, 128 were Americans. Despite Germany's explanation, Americans became mad with Germany bc of the loss of life. American public opinion turned against Germany and the Central Powers. -
Sinking of British liner Arabic
A U-boat sank another British liner called the ARABIC, drowning 2 Americans. Again the U.S. protested and this time Germany agreed not to sink any more passenger ships -
Sinking of French passenger liner Sussex
Germany broke its promise and torpedoed an unarmed French passenger steamer called the SUSSEX. It sank and about 80 passengers, including Americans, were killed/injured. Once again the U.S. warned that it would break off diplomatic relations unless Germany changed its tactics. Germany agreed but U.S. has to persude Britain to lift its blockade against food and fertillizers. If not, Germany might renew unrestricted submarine warfare. -
Battle of the Somme
This lasted until mid-November. The British suffered 60K casualties the first day. Final casualties totaled about 1.2 mil. This was was a TRENCH WARFARE, in which armies fought for mere yards of ground , continued for over 3 yrs -
Selective Service Act of 1917
This was to meet the government's need for more fighting power. It required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. -
War Industries Board
This was the main regulatory body that reorganized in 1918 under BERNARD M. BARUCH, a prosperous businessman. The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficience and also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products -
Cease-fire and armistice
Germany agreed to a cease-fire and signed the ARMISTICE/truce hat ended the war -
National War Labor Board
This was established by President Wilson which dealt with disputes between management and labor. Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions. "Work of fight" the board told them. It also worked to improve factory conditions and pushed for an 8 hour workday, promoted safety inspections, and enforced the child labor ban -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Under this, a person could be fined up to $10K and sentence to 20 yrs in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the gov or the war effor -
Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies
Austria-Hungary surrendered to the Allies. That same day, German sailors mutinied against governement authority. The mutiny spread quickly. -
1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
FERDINAND, an heir to the Austrian throne, visited the Bosnian capital Sarajevo and shot him and his wife Sophie by a Serbian nationalist named GAVRILO PRINCIP. He was a member of the BLACK HAND; an organization promoting Serbian nationalism. -
Second Battle of the Marne
In July and August, U.S. helped win this battle. The tide had turned against the Central Powers. -
Food Administration
This was set up by Wilson to help produce and conserve food under Herbert Hoover. -
Committee on Public Information
This was the nation's first propaganda agency set up by the governement to popularize the war. It was kinda biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions. The head of the CPI was a former muckraking journalist named GEORGE CREEL. -
Zimmermann note
This was a telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. It proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the U.S. broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering "lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona." -
Convoy System
American Vice Admiral William S. Sims convinced the British to try the CONVOY SYSTEM, in which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups. -
Establishment of the German Republic
Everywhere in Germany, groups of soldiers and workers organized revolutionary councils. On Nov 9, socialist leaders in the capital, Berlin, established a German republic
