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Johns Locke
John Locke influenced the enlightenment greatly and brought up many great ideas used in the enlightenment and America today. He made big contributions to the idea of liberalism and wrote a lot about the idea of human knowledge and understanding. Locke was a very important thinker in the enlightenment and one main argument he brought up is that people were born naturally good and innocent. -
Beginning of English Civil War
James passed his abilities of not knowing how to work with parliament well onto his son Charles the first. He did not know how to work with parliament well at all, al he did in relation to parliament was ask them for money. Parliament did not like the fact that he was only coming to parliament for money. They eventually started refusing the kings offers. And eventually the tension built up between the two and a war broke out between parliament, the roundheads and the the king, the royalists. -
Oliver Cromwell Becomes the Ruler
After the English Civil War Oliver Cromwell becomes ruler. Life in was harsh for the people of England, Cromwell and the puritans were very strict and forced strict religious rules and regulations. He was from parliament but eventually he become just as much a dictator and monarch than any other king. People grew tired of his severe and harsh ruling and began to realize that he was no better than a normal king, and many wanted a normal king back. -
The End of the English Civil War
The fight lasted for around 9 years and was finished by the roundheads beating the royalists in the battle of Preston. In the end the round heads prevail in the war and parliament has the control. Charles the first, the previous king, was claimed as a murderer and beheaded. They then entered an era of new commonwealth. -
James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves created a multiple spindle machine in 1764 which was a breakthrough in the clothe making industry. It made it easy and very fast to make and save a great amount of time when making the material, and the manual labor was easier. Many manufacturers had a hard time improving the spinning Jenny Andy Hargreaves invention spiked up the level making it much greater from all the pervious machines, working with cotton. -
Louis the XVI being crowned as king
On the death of his grandfather Louis the XV, Louis the XVI became and was crowned new king of France in 1774. Shortly after marrying his wife Mary Antoinette. He was closely and always monitored and had almost no privacy. He was rich and very spoiled and did not seem to care much about his people with in the end began the spark of the early revolution against the monarchy in France. -
Beginning of Revolutionary War
The enlightenment brought up many ideas these influenced England and its years to come, but also America and all of their central ideas and beliefs. Many of America’s founding fathers who created America and what their beliefs and ideas were carried on heavily the enlightenment ideas to America. So America had adopted those ideas but that also the enlightenment ideas had also brought up conflicts between the people in America which eventually triggered a war called the revolutionary war. -
National Assembly
The third estate revolutionists had had enough if the noble and made their own assembly called the National Assembly. They demanded that the king would make emergent economic reform and he continued to ignore the third estate, so they began to run the country without the help of his leadership. Even though they represented 98 percent of the population they were outvoted by nobles and church officials. They began to meet regularly and ran the country by themselves without his help. -
Storming of the Bastille
The revolutionists had decided they had had enough of the monarchy and decided to act. In a group the revolutionists stormed the bastille for guns, ammo and gunpowder. They also went there to set the few prisoner that were there held captive free. To them it was a sign of resistance against the royal family and the higher class, and ended up being one of the main starting points of the revolution, and it snowed the king that they had power to. In the end it was a success for the revolutionists. -
Bread March
It was mainly and started off to be a spontaneous demonstration march of Parisian women for bread. Over time it became a rally and a protest to the king for why they were being treated the way they were and unfairly. They surpassed the guards and took the king by force. They bring him to a palace in Paris and put him on house arrest along with his family. -
The royal family attempts to flee
Life was luxurious and easy for the royal family but over time the third class people began to become upset and angry at them when the commoners had little to nothing. The royal family was then put on house arrest after being attacked by mobs. Eventually with help from the Swedish nobles and aristocrats they attempted to escape to the capital then to Austria. It was successful until when they arrived at Luxembourg and king Louis was notice and they were sent back to France to be put in jail. -
First Cotton Gin created
In 1793 Eli Whitney created the cotton gin which greatly sped up and revolutionized the production and making of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing the seeds from the cotton to it is actually usable. Cotton was in high demand and this invention greatly sped up the process of manufacturing it which effected and caused many things in the culture at that time. Cotton was produced at a much faster rate and a lot more of it was made and also slavery was greatly increased. -
Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollstonecraft was a very important enlightenment thinker and she influenced the enlightenment ideas heavily throughout her life time. She fought for women's rights in the enlightenment and advocated for women to be treated more fair and for them to have better and more equal rights, closer to men’s rights. She died during childbirth when she was 38. He daughter was then born and later became the original creator of the idea and story Frankenstein. -
Concordat of 1801
As he still saw many people were religious he decided to make a move to heal the bond between the church and government. He also wanted to revive the church within the government and make it involved, specifically the Catholic Church, mainly so he could have the church people on his side, for power and for officials. Napoleon thought that if he could have control but also let religion be allowed more people would and like him, which would result in napoleon having a stronger government. -
Legion of Honour
It was a system of rewarding those who worked hard, became educated, had military skill, and those who were smart. Napoleon valued having smart people so they may be in office and represent his government and his people. If you worked hard you applied for the honor and if you did something remarkable you could get it, rather than just being honored as a noble you could be honored just for what you did. Almost anyone applied for it men, women, any French citizen, and many others. -
Napoleon Crowned Emperor
In 1804 Napoleon made it official that he was the true king, ruler, and emperor of France. According to legend he snatched the crown out of the Pope’s hand and crowned himself. In this move Napoleon was showing and demonstration that he was of higher power than the pope and that he was under no rule and no one was higher than his specially in power. To him it was a sign of power, and rejection of authority of the pope. -
The abolition of slave trade was passed
In March of 1807 slave trade in Britain was abolished completely with the help and tedious work of William Wilberforce and John Newton.slaves could not longer be traded in Britain ships and there was no slave trade in general allowed. This was very important because the conditions of the trading of slaves was terrific and they would lay them across the ground so they could get as many in the ship as possible even thought they were humans, and many ended up dying from various causes. -
Greece Launches Revolts Against Ottoman Empire
Greece had previously been under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and many had started to anger and go against there rule and eventually in March of 1821 they launched revolts against the empire. They had been under the Turkish rule and had started to revolt for their independence, although it took years eventually they gained there individuality and independence as a independent kingdom. Today the 25 of March is celebrated for the start of the revolutions fighting for their gradual freedom. -
Charles X Becomes King of France
In 1824 Charles X becomes king of France right after Louis 18th. He attempted to gain some of the monarchy’s power back and he did things that would favor the rich and the nobles and monarchy and so they would always win. He was not favored by many of the poor, lower, and working class because he liked the idea of the stays quo where the monarchs and nobles had all the power, which made him very unpopular by the liberals and poorer classes. -
First Passenger carrying steam engine train invented by George Stephenson
In 1825 the first passenger carrying train was invented. George Stephenson created a train that went 14 miles an hour and carried 450 passengers, it was a breakthrough within the steam engine inventions. The steam locomotive could go significantly faster than a horse and carry a great deal more people, which was the birth of railroad transportation in our world. -
The iron horse race of 1830
In 1830 a race was created by a train/iron horse and a real horse. Peter coopers diminutive Tom Thumb locomotive and the horse drawn railroad car had a race to see which one was superior and faster than the other and eventually the train won and defeated the horse. This showed the possibility for the future of the steam powered locomotive and its potential. It had just been invented and had not been greatly improved and it still won out against the horse in the end. -
Abolition of Slavery in Great Britain
In August of 1833 slavery was abolished and done away with for good and it was no longer technically legal to own slaves and partake in slavery. It was officially passed and was given royal assent and when done within a year it took full affect and many slaves were being freed. Slavery had been a problem in Britain and finally it was abolished with the great help of anti slave activists like William Wilberforce, John Newton, and Olaudah Equiano. People eventually realized how bad it really was. -
Queen Victoria Crowned
Queen Victoria was coronated on June 28, 1838 and grew up to become one of the most prominent and long ruling queens or rulers overall in England. She was 18 when she claimed the throne and was coronated a year after she was able to take the throne of the United Kingdom. She reigned for 63 years and during the victorian era named after herself. -
Sepoy Mutiny Rebel
In the beginning it started out with rumors of cow and pig fat being used to seal the cartridges. The soldiers were forced the to bite off the cartridges with there teeth, which caused controversy. The soldiers were Muslim and Hindus both religions were against one of the animals and refused to get near to eating them. This gave the soldiers to ban together and rebel. -
Charles Darwin Evolution of the Species Theory Book Published
In 1859 Charles Darwin wrote a book that was taking about evolution and what a life in terms of that would have looked like. He made the boom as an atheist point of view and was sharing his ideas that sparked the now today the evolution theory. Because of this book many questioned their belief in the church and began to follow his morals. -
The secret ballot act first used
In August of 1872 the secret ballot act was first used and put into action when people were voting to re-elect Hugh Childers as MP and a ballot box was used to put your vote in. The importance of the secret ballot was that people did not have to publicly announce what there vote was and who they were voting for. That was majorly important because sometimes people would listen in to hear who you voted for and even people from your work, which could effect if you keep your job. -
Dr. Livingston’s Death
Dr. Livingston was a prominent and important man from Britain who went to Africa and lived there for a time, he went to Africa for 6 years after moving there at 1841. He was a missionary and persuaded training in medicine, he was a good man but died in 1873, being famously know for being found in Africa. -
Alexander Graham Bell Receiving Patent for Telephone
Alexander graham bell built his first version of the telephone in 1876, and is known as the original inventor of the telephone. He basically sent voice waves and signals down telephone wires and eventually created his first electrical telephone. Overall he was a big contributor to the world of inventions and was the father of the telephone lastly ending up with 18 patents for it. -
Thomas Edison receiving patent for light bulb
In November of 1879 he had filed a patent for his light bulb and quickly became know as the first to invention the light bulb. Between 1878-1880 he tested over 3,000 light bulbs to get the correct design. In the end he ended up with a electric lamp with a carbon filament. -
Berlin Conference Made
The Berlin conference was made to originally split up Africa equally and to make rules for the conquest in africa. They did this so they would prevent fights and arguments for who gets what and what country can take what part of Africa. And also it was a conference between the leaders of the countries colonizing Africa but none of actually African leaders themselves. -
The marriage of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna
On November 26, 1894 Alexandra and Nicholas II get married and have their official wedding at the grand church of the winter Palace. He proposed on April 19, 1894 and after 2 times of him proposing she accepted. They became married and were the rulers together over Russia and went on to have a family with 5 kids. -
Boxer Rebellion Start
A group of local non foreigners banded together to form the boxer rebellion against foreigners and western civilization. They were anti change and did not like the presence of new foreign people coming in and colonizing them, they called the, “foreign devils.” They protested and were violent and ended up going on a rampage and killing 300 foreigners, like Chinese christians, and even any who had ties to foreigners. The rebellion was put down by Europeans, Americans, and Japanese. -
Sir Henry Stanley Death
He was a Welsh journalist and exposed and was sent to do that in Africa. He was sent as an explorer to find Dr. Livingston’s after being gone for 6 years. Many thought he was dead or just completely lost but Henry stayed determined and found him eventually in Africa with one of the tribes. He had a famous line where he went up to Livingston’s and said, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” -
Model T Ford
In October of 1908 Henry Ford created his first model of the Model T Ford. He built around 15 million cars as they blew up becoming the most hot automobile on the market and one of the only to. People liked the car because the price never increased and for the most affordable for a lot of people. -
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
On the 28 of June, 1914 Ferdinand and his wife were shot in their car, both being killed. The murder of the Archduke and his wife Sophie was named Gavrilo Princip who was in a group of other assassins and was a member of the black hand society. He aimed to break off Austria Hungary's south slav provinces so they could be combined into Yugoslavia, but instead he ultimately created the spark to start WWI. -
Official Start of the War
On the 28 of June one month after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand war was declared too officially be the start of world war one. War was declared by Austria-Hungary on Serbia feeling that it was the only right thing to do after all the built up tension and the assassination. Austria-Hungary Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Serbia accept all conditions and propositions, Serbia accepted all except for one, causing Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. -
Battle of the Marne
On the sixth of September, 1914 the first official battle of WWI started, being named the battle of the Marne. The British and France armies were offensively attacking the Germans. The Germans invaded neutral Belgium and then had attacked France, planning to quickly and swiftly take them out and to and proceed in a quick victory. France resisted heavily though and stopped to a stalemate. and when Germany invaded Belgium, Frances allies Britain were forced to join in the war and help France. -
Execution of Edith Cavell
On the 12th of October, 1915 Edith Cavelll at 49 was executed by a German firing squad. She was a British nurse and was credited for saving the lives of soldiers from both sides no matter what and once helped 200 Allied soldiers escape from German occupied Belgium. She was accused of treason and found guilty, she said before she was executed, "Patriotism is not enough. i must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone." She believed whoever it be they deserved to have their life saved. -
Citizens pretest march in the streets of Petrograd
On march 8, 1917 the citizens of Russia march the streets of Petrograd in protest. The conditions were very clearly worsening and the citizens desperately wanted a change. The police soldiers refused to shoot them which made the government helpless. -
Execution of Margaretha Geertruida Zelle
On the 15th of October, 1917 the female spy by the name of Mata Hari is executed by a firing squad. She was a seductive spy that would seduce men from the opposite side to hopefully find out information about their side of the war. She was said to be a german spy who would go around France and Russia attracting large audiences for what she did and ended up having many relationships with high military officials in Russia and France. She was said to be the greatest female spy of the century. -
The October revolution
On October 7, 1917 the October revolution began. Armed Bolshevik factory workers (Red Guard) attacked provisional government. Through this Kerensky's government collapsed with nearly no blood shed. From this rights were given to people. -
Start of Russian Civil War
On November 7, 1917 the Russian civil war was officially started. When the war started the white army received military help from France. Went on for 3 years causing millions of Russians to die and ending with the bolsheviks finally winning later in 1920. -
The treaty of Brest-Litovsk
On the third day of march, 1918 the treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed. Through this Lenin's goal was to end Russias involvement in the war. It was a treaty negotiated between the central powers, while Russia was extremely powerless, which led to them accepting an agreement that gave them peace but made them give up a large part of Russia. This humiliated Russia and lost over 1/6 of the population. -
Nicholas and his family is killed
On the 17th of July, 1918 Nicholas and his family were killed. They were tricked into going to the cellar area of the house and were all shot. They were brutally killed and they used their bayonets on some of them who didn't die fast enough, their bodies were then looted and doused with sulfuric acid and buried in a shallow grave in a forest outside the city. -
End of the War
One the 11th of November, 1918, 11 am, Germany finally gives up and the allied powers claim victory to the war. The armistice is signed and later that day is remembered as armistice day when the war finally ended. It left over 37,000,000 dead in total and many other wounded and overall caused great sadness and sorrow for the whole world but relief when it was over. In the end the Germans could not last in the war of attrition and did not have anymore supplies or men and was forced to surrender. -
The Kronstadt Revolt 1921
On March 3, 1921 the Kronstadt Revolt officially started and took place. War communism made many not like Lenin's government and made many discontent which led to many acting in violence and going on strike. In this even sailors at the Kronstadt naval base revolted and were put down by the Red Army, causing 20,000 casualties, but in the end sending him a warning to slow down on war communism. -
The Death of Lenin
On January 21, 1924 Lenin passed away. When he died he had had much success with brining on and having a communist dictatorship in Russia. He had not let any of his opponents get in his way and built a strong government upholding communism, and also when he died each areas formerly belonging to the Tsar went to communist control and later became the USSR. -
The reform act of 1828
In 1928 the law was passed so that women could have electoral equality as men. They were able then to vote at 21 years of age which was very different from the previous 30. It didn’t matter who they were and they didn’t need to own property they could just vote if over the age 21.
