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Period: 1300 to
The Renaissance
Was a artistic and philosophical movement that began in Italy. It brought new emphasis on the power of human reasoning. -
1418
Prince Henry of Portugal
Comes upon Madeira Islands and establishes a colony at Porto Santo. -
1436
Prince Henry of Portugal
Has traveled as far as the Rio de Oro -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg
Gutenberg invents new printing press -
1492
Christopher Columbus
Columbus lands in San Salvador in the Bahamas. -
1497
Vasco da Gama
First to sail around Africa to India. -
1504
Michelangelo
The statue of David is completed -
1504
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa painting is completed. -
1509
Desiderius Erasmus
Publishes "The Praise of Folly" -
1517
Martin Luther
Luther nails his 95 Theses on the front of his church, he later gets excommunicated by the pope for this. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
During this time the church is selling indulgences and stopping merchants from wanting usury; this angers the people. -
1519
Ferdinand Magellan
Becomes the first person the circumnavigate the globe. -
1521
Hernan Cortes
Defeats the Aztecs in Mexico. -
1534
St. Ignatius de Loyola
Loyola creates the Jesuits; the Society of Jesus. -
1534
Jacques Cartier
Claimed Canada; including Quebec -
1536
John Calvin
Calvin publishes landmark text that institutes of the christian religion; it was an attempt to standardize theories of Protestantism. -
1543
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution started because curiosity, people questioned ancient beliefs, and started conducting experiments. New tools were also made such as scientific instruments. -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus develops the theory of the sun being in the center rather than the Earth. This theory is called the Heliocentric. -
1562
Huguenots
Huguenots are attacked in civil wars. -
1577
Francis of Drake
Becomes the second person to sail around the globe. -
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I goes up against the Spanish Armada emerging victorious. -
William Shakespeare
Writes Romeo and Juliet. -
Edict of Nantes
King Henry IV gives the Huguenots religious freedom. -
Period: to
Absolute Monarchies
During this time many rulers believed in the idea of Divine Right; God chose them to rule their nation. In this time many documents would be made in effort to try to combat absolute monarchy. The Absolute Monarchies period would lead to the English Civil War, The Restoration, and Glorious Revolution. -
Period: to
Changes 16th-18th Centuries
During this time lots of things start to change like, technologies, forms of art, new forms of literature, and new music. -
Miguel de Cervantes
Cervantes writes Don Quixote. His writing form would be called a "novel". -
Johannes Kepler
Kepler published laws of planetary motion and proved the Heliocentric model was correct. -
Louis XIII
Louis XIII is crown king of France at the age of eight. -
Galileo Galilei
Galilei discovers new moons of Jupiter and Saturn's rings. He also makes a new telescope. -
William Harvey
Harvey uses laboratory experiments and studies the circulation of blood, but also observed human heat. -
Period: to
Thirty Year War
War erupts in Central Europe, its between various Protestant and Catholic sates. This is known to be one of the most destructive conflicts in human history. -
Period: to
English Civil War
This war started when Charles I tried to arrest Parliament and this upset Parliament stating a war against the king. -
Charles I
Charles I wanted to rule by divine right, but nobles wouldn't allow him so he sent troops to arrest them, but they escaped and this started the English Civil War. He was defeated in the English Civil War and was executed in public, but his family fled the country. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that was influenced by modern science and religious conflict coming from Reformation. Philosophers emphasized the right of self expression and human fulfillment and the right to think and express freely without censorship. It would pave the way for the American and French Revolution. -
Thomas Hobbes: 1651
Wrote Leviathan, believed all humans were wicked and governments were created to protect people from themselves. Figured an absolute monarch would be best. -
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell leads Parliament's forces against Charles I. He would become dictator of England after the war and Parliament didn't do anything because he had an army at his command. -
Charles II
After Cromwell's death Charles II is asked by Parliament to come back and become king to restore the throne. This moment became known as the Restoration because monarchy was restored. -
Louis XIV
Louis XIV is known for taking power away from the nobles and tried to make France a great place so that anyone would remember who boosted the country. He is also known for building the Palace of Versailles. -
Isaac Newton
Newton discovers Laws of Gravity and the three laws of motion. -
Peter the Great
Peter the Great is known for dragging Russia out of Medieval times into modern times. Major changes were made in his rule, but after his death they were not permanent. -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
During this time Parliament was desperate to get rid of James II that they asked Mary and William of Orange to replace him of the throne . No blood was shed in the turning over of power. Parliament is granted more power by William and Mary. William and Mary grant the people and English Bill of Rights. -
English Bill of Rights
William and Mary grant the people an English Bill of Rights. -
John Locke: Two Treatises of Government
Wrote Two Treatises of Government, believed that people had the gift of reason and came up with the natural rights; life, liberty, and property. -
Fredrick the Great
Made his country Prussia a military society and kept his county safe, but also won many wars against opposing countries. -
Montesquieu: Spirit of Laws
Wrote Spirit of Laws, said that best government had separation of powers. Believed that England had best government. Was responsible for coming up with checks and balance. -
Voltaire: Candide
Writes the Candide, felt that religious toleration should win over religious fanaticism, but also believed in separation of church and state. Also wrote against Prejudice, Superstition, and Intolerance. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Social Contract
Wrote the Social Contract, said that "man was born free, yet everywhere his is he is in chains". He also said that " that civilization want the stronger ruled over the weaker." -
Three Estates
Everyone is part of the Three Estates in France. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Men
The National Assembly issued The Declaration of the Rights of Men. -
Period: to
The French Revolution
During this time the people of France were not happy with France's ruler because they were in the brink of bankruptcy. -
Estate of General
Louis XVI calls for Estate General -
Tennis Court Oath
Third Estates take the Tennis Court Oath when locked out by the king. -
Storming of the Bastille
The Bastille is stormed by the people. -
Period: to
Great Fear
Peasants are afraid of being attacked by troops. -
New Constitution of 1791
National Assembly complete a new Constitution. -
Radical take over
Radicals take over the French government. -
Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror is started by Robespierre. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
A Coup d' état is thrown is in France. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
Is elected emperor of French Empire by submitting a plebiscite. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
Lost by sneak attacks while returning to France, but worst challenge was the Russian winter. -
Battle of Nations
Napoleon surrenders and gets exiled for the first time. -
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo and is exiled for the final time. -
Eugene Delacroix
Delacroix Paints Liberty Leading the People.(The French People) -
King Henry VIII
King Henry VIII forms the Anglican Church.
