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Charles I
James I son Charles I took rule after his father died. James, like his father, would always ask for money from Parliament. Parliment didn't like this so they added a Petition of Rights, which was a document that basically restricted King Charles rule. Religion, money, and power were all catalysts to King Charles death. -
The Commonwealth
The Commonwealth was a time when there was no absolute rule. King Charles I was executed after trying to arrest Parliament's leaders. Oliver Cromwell then became the military dictator with the Puritans. -
The Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles was built under the rule of King Louis XIV. The palace had one thousand fountains, statues, five thousand acres of gardens, lawns, and woods. There was one room in the palace that was called the Hall of Mirrors. The Palace of Versailles was open for anyone to enjoy. The Palace of Versailles would have cost the equivalent of 2.5 billion dollars in today's money. This was significant to the development of the country because they would be in dept for a very very long time. -
The Potato Famine
The Potato Famine started in the September of 1845. Ireland's main source of food was the potato. The potato's started to turn black, then curled and rotted. The potato fungus spread all throughout Ireland and eventually caused all potatoes to be inedible. The people of Ireland were forced to move; some of them even starved to death because they were poor and didn't have access to any other source of food. -
The Light Bulb
Thomas Edison the inventor of the light bulb created one of the greatest breakthroughs in science. He was able to harness the power of electricity to produce light instead of the dangerous fires that were used to light up the house. The fires were dangerous because they could be blown out by the wind or even catch the house on fire. The discovery of electricity paved the way for other inventors like Bell who used electricity to send sounds over distance, or Marconi and Tesla's Tesla Invention. -
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria. Adolf was one of six children. Three of Hitler's siblings died at an early age. -
The Dreyfus Affair
In 1894, the French counter-intelligence, Captain Alfred Dreyfus was suspected of sharing a list of French military documents (called a bordereau) with the German Embassy in Paris. Dreyfus was one of the only Jews on the general staff and during that time, the Jews weren't very popular in the country. He was not given a proper trial and put on Devil's Island in Guiana. People like Emile Zola noticed this and wrote an open letter called J'accuse. -
The Zionist Movement
Der Judenstaat or The Jewish State, was a book that was written by Theodore Herzl who was considered, "The Father of Modern Zionism." He wrote this book because he was motivated by what happened to Dreyfus because of his religion. -
The Model T Ford
In the 1880's germans developed the automobile. It allowed for people to get where they wanted to go faster, but not many people could afford them. Henry Ford set out to change that. He created the Model T Ford and it revolutionized transportation for the whole world. He built a car that everyone could afford to buy. And by 1929 Ford was making more than once car per minute. People could travel farther and farther and so intern it caused larger cities and real roads to be built. -
The Abandonment of the Constituent Assembly
Straight after the October Revolution of 1917, Lenin promised to hold elections for a Parliament to be known as the Constituent Assembly. Lenin renamed the Bolshevik Party as the Communist Party in order to win wider support. The Communists only won 175 seats out of 700. Lenin shut down the Constituent Assembly
after only one day. -
Representation Of the People Act
This was the law that was passed that finally gave women over 30 the right to vote, and all men got the right to vote. Although it was not until the Reform Act of 1928 that gave women over twenty one the ability to vote. -
The execution of Tsar Nicholas II
After his abdication in March 1917, Tsar Nicholas II and his family were arrested and sent to Siberia.Local communists were worried that the Tsar might be a rallying point for the Whites. As a result, Tsar Nicholas, his wife, their five children and four attendants were shot and bayoneted. -
Kapp Putsch
The Kapp Putsch was one of the two attempts at revolution in Germany after the Weimar Republic was set up. The army was against the Treaty of Versailles. The former soldiers tried to take over Berlin. It was stopped by German workers who went on strike. It caused Germany to come to a standstill. It weakened the Weimar government because they lost the support of the army as well as losing the confidence of the country. -
The Swastika
On August 7, 1920, at the Salzburg Congress, the red flag with a white circle and black swastika became the official emblem of the Nazi Party. In Mein Kampf, Hitler described the Nazis' new flag: "In red we see the social idea of the movement, in white the nationalistic idea, in the swastika the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man, and, by the same token, the victory of the idea of creative work, which as such always has been and always will be anti-Semitic." -
The Kronstadt Revolt
In March1921, sailors at the Kronstadt naval base near Petrograd revolted. They accused Lenin of breaking his promise to help the workers. Lenin ordered the Red Army to put down the revolt. This caused 20,000 casualties and the leaders of the revolt were executed. The mutiny was a warning to Lenin that he might have torelax War Communism. -
Beer Hall Putsch
In October 30, 1923, Hitler held a rally in Munich beer hall and declared a revolution. He led two thousand men in the taking over of the Bavarian Government. Hitler's attempt at revolution failed and Hitler was imprisoned. -
The Invasion of Rhineland
Germany claimed the treaty was hostile to them and Hitler used this as an excuse to send German troops into the Rhineland in March 1936. Germany broke both the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and The treaty of Locarno. -
The Rape of Nanking China
During the invasion, the people of Nanking were treated horribly
by the Japanese soldiers. Out of the city’s about 600,000 people, it is predicted that as many as 300,000 of them were killed by the Japanese soldiers in horribly cruel ways. It was a very bad time for China and Japan. -
The Invasion of China
In 1937, Imperial Japanese Army forces brutally murdered hundreds of thousands of people. 300,000 people including both soldiers and civilians in the Chinese city of Nanking were killed. The horrific events are known as the Nanking Massacre or the Rape of Nanking. -
Anti-Semitic Laws
The Manifesto degli Scienziati Razzisti was also known as The Manifesto of the Racist Scientists. This law excluded foreign Jews. Most of the Jews were sent to German death camps. The laws forbade all Jews from teaching in schools in Germany. The laws excluded Jews from serving in the government. They also excluded Jews from serving in the military. -
The Munich Agreement
This Pact was signed with Nazi Germany and was an agreement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders. They gave over parts of Czechoslovakia in hopes of keeping Nazi Germany from invading the rest of their country. -
Kristallnacht
, also known as, “The Night of Broken Glass” was the first large scale violent attack on Jews throughout Germany and
Austria. The attack was supposedly caused by the assassination of a Nazi diplomat named Ernst vom Rath. The assassin was supposedly a Polish Jew in Paris. The attack destroyed 200 synagogues, cemeteries, 7,000 Jewish shops, and 29 department stores. 30,000 Jewish men were attested and taken to concentration camps while some Jews were beaten to death. -
Dunkirk
Germany invaded dunkirk in May of 1940. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied forces had to evacuate from Dunkirk to England which was across the water. Naval vessels and hundreds of civilian boats were used in the evacuation, which began on May 26. When it ended on June 4, about 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian troops had been saved. -
Operation Barbarossa
Hitler's plan, and his biggest mistake was to invade Russia. He invaded Russia because he thought that he could stop them from becoming allies with England. He failed and most of his troops died of cold and starvation. -
Pearl Harbor
The attack on pearl harbor was the turning point for America's involvement in the war. The Japanese attack on the U.S. Navy at Pearl Harbor brought the United States of America into the war against Japan and Germany. -
The Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
Heydrich was assassinated by Czech underground agents. They bombed his car. The SS hunted down and killed 1000 suspects In the Czech town of Lidice. The town was liquidated in the town of Lidice. Hitler called Reinhard Heydirich, "The man with the iron heart."
