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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are Fought
The crusades were a series of so called religious wars. The wars were between Muslims and Christians. The holy war was a fight over control of the "Holy Land." Many Monarchs had gained newer strengths to guard there place because the old ones went to go and fight in the war. -
1337
100 Year War Starts
The 100 year war was between England and France. The war had Lasted from the years 1337 to 1453. The war had lead to an advancement in weapons and gunpowder use.The French and the English had went to war over the succession of the French throne. They had cut off fingers of archers so they can never shoot a bow again. -
1346
Black Death Begins In Europe
The black death has killed about 50 million people. At least 60% of Europe's population had died from the black death.The black death in Europe Lasted from about the years 1346 to 1356. (Still went on just not an epidemic). The black death had helped the European's realize the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. The black death made the people of Europe look more into the science of things and less into religion and prayers to fix things. -
1400
Renaissance Begins
During the renaissance there was the invention of the idea of humanism or the pursuit of happiness. The renaissance was a period time where there was lots of great works of art and literacy being produced. The renaissance was a time where many big life changing inventions were invented such as the printing press. During this time more and more people were starting to learn how to read and write. It was also a period of time of which the spread of ideas and arts quickly spread across Europe. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
Joan of Arc was burned at the stake because she was charged with heresy. She is said to have used magic because she had claimed to hear voices from saints.Joan was also charged of witchcraft. She sadly died at the young age of 19. She was also named "The Maid of Orléans." Considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War. -
1439
Johannes Gutenberg Invents Printing Press
The printing press helped more and more people become interested in wanting to know how to reading and write. it made making books and publishing them faster and didn't need to all be hand written. The printing press is said to be the greatest invention of it's time maybe of all time even. It helped spread numerous amounts of ideas across multiple countries and continents of new things very quickly. Changed everyones life and eventually more and more people were becoming educated. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople was the taking of the capitol of the Byzantine Empire. Ottoman empire were the people to take over Constantinople. Mehmed II was the sultan during the take over of Constantinople. When Constantinople was taken over the Byzantine empire crumbled. The people in Constantinople were starved to death. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
Established to combat heresy in Spain. Questioned and/or punished jews and muslims thought to not be converted. Established by Ferdinand II and Isabella I. Was set up to convert people to catholicism. Asked to start to Inquisition to purify the people of Spain. -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
The columbian exchange was the trade or exchange of things between the old and the new worlds. Some things that were traded were crops, disease, animals. Most of the new worlds population died from diseases. The old world had brought horses into the new world. The old world had received corn from the new world which helped populations grow. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands In The New World
Columbus never even stepped foot in north america. He actually landed on a island in the Bahamas. The island he landed on was originally thought to be Asia. Columbus had named the island he landed in San Salvador. He was actually trying to find a direct water route to Asia but instead found the Americas. -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. It is said that he started painting it in 1503. The Mona Lisa is currently being displayed in the Louvre. Today the person in the Mona Lisa painting is unknown. Known today as the most known painting. -
1508
Michelangelo Begins Painting the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo worked on the Sistine Chapel for about 4 years. He painted the roof by putting/building scaffolds to get up to the ceiling. He was painting it under the direction of Pope Sixtus IV. Michelangelo had considered himself more of a sculptor, he did not think he was very well at using a brush or painting. Some of the painting on the ceiling shows the old testament. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
King Henry VIII ruled until he had died. King Henry VIII rules England. He was the second Tudor Monarch. His father King Henry VII was the first. Most well known for having 6 wives. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther Posts 95 Theses
The 95 Theses are also known as the “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences.” Martin Luther is said to have nailed them to the door of the "Wittenberg Castle Church." In the 95 Theses Luther talks about the corruption of indulgences and the Church. The 95 Theses had quickly spread across Germany and then eventually got to Rome. Martin Luther didn't exactly complain or talk bad about the church, instead he more questioned them and the corruption of power they have/had. -
1521
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
This conquering was a landmark for European settlers. Cortez was a Spanish conquistador. Cortez had captured the ruler of the aztecs and held him sort of like a hostage. The ruler was a puppet of cortez and the Aztecs were ruled by him. The aztecs experienced many other things before being conquered such as disease and natural disasters. -
Period: 1530 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
His childhood involved a lot of his family dying in front of his eyes and made him kind of insane. He was the first Tsar of Russia. He expanded the borders with his military and expanded trade. Established a absolute monarchy in Russia. Ivan the terrible is also known as Ivan the IV. -
1532
"The Prince"
Originally had the Latin title "De Principatibus." The Prince was written by Niccolò Machiavelli. Wrote about both Politics and Power. Most of the things he wrote about in the 1400's still apply today. Written to try and get advisory position in the government. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth's Reign
Elizabeth took the throne at age 25. She was in throne for 44 years. Queen Elizabeth did not marry, so there was no Kind which was weird for England. She defeated the Spanish Armada which was celebrated across England (Storm). She had reigned during the time of Francis Drake, she had not known about English Pirates but liked her share of gold. -
Period: 1545 to
Counter Reformation
Started in 1545 with the council of trent. Was against the corruption and power of the priests, bishops, etc. Also called Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Resurgence. It is the initial response to the Protestant Reformation. Pope Paul III is considered the first pope of the counter reformation. In 1545 Pope Paul III was convened the council of Trent. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Divided Europe into the roman Catholic Church and the new Lutheran (Protestant) Church. Each prince determined which religion be practiced in there lands. This helped make the land more enjoyable for the people because they somewhat had a choice of there religion. The Peace of Augsburg was a result of the reformation. Also called the Augsburg settlement was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League. -
Spanish Armada
Consisted of a fleet of 130 ships. The Spanish Armada was under the control of the Duke of Medina Sidonia. The ships sailed from La Coruña in August. Had a purpose to escort an army from Flanders to invade England. Some of the Spanish Armada is said to be wiped out from weather or natural disasters. -
Edict of Nantes
Gave the huguenots rights to free religion. It ended the wars of religion. The Edict of Nantes was signed by King Henry IV. Ended the war between Roman Catholics and Protestants. The wars had been going on since about the 1560's. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
A samurai without a ruler or lord was know was a Ronin. The code of the samurai was known as "Bushido." Samurai's were high ranked people in society. Seppuku is a ritual the Samurai do when they do something bad, it's somewhat and honorable way to die. Samurai practiced zen which is a form of Buddhism in which is said to help them not be in fear in the battlefield. -
William Shakespeare's Death
Shakespeare had died on his 52nd birthday. There was no actual proof that Shakespeare was dead. There is also no proof when he actually died only funeral dates. No one knows exactly how he died either. he was buried at the Holy Trinity Church. -
Petition of Rights
Major English document that says what the king is not allowed to do. The petition of rights keeps the Kings power limited and prevents absolute monarchy. The king was forced to sign the document by parliament. Petition of Rights was signed by Charles I. Many citizens before were unhappy with how King Charles I was ruling. -
King Charles I Executed
The Monarch of three kingdoms. Ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland. Married a Catholic Princess which the Protestant people did not like. First king to be tried and executed. The official executioner is unknown but there is many leads. -
Period: to
Slave Trade
Kind of started when the Portuguese stared to explore the coast of West Africa. With new development of plantations slaves become more popular and used. Slavery still happens today but it was officially banned in 1807. The slave trade was mainly from Africa to the Americas. The Portuguese first kidnapped people and take the enslaved back to Europe. -
Lord George Macartney Expelled
Failed to obtain a trading partner with China because he did not do the KowTow to the Chinese emperor. Kowtow shows respect and consist of getting on knee's and bowing down. China expelled trade with Britain. Brought his men to Beijing in hopes of gaining new trade with China. Since he failed to get trade with China it made the Qing dynasty last even longer. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The opium wars is actually 2 wars. The first war was fought between Britain and China. Fought with trade disputes over Opium and tea from china. China had wanted to stay isolated and did not want to trade. Britain won the Opium war by forcing the Chinese to sign a treaty to trade Opium and Tea.
