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The transition from nomadic hunting-gathering to settled agriculture occurs in the Fertile Crescent -
Early agricultural practices lead to the cultivation of key crops such as wheat, barley, and legumes -
The domestication of sheep and goats provides reliable food sources and labor -
Villages, such as Jericho, emerge, leading to increased population density and social -
The invention of pottery allows for better storage, cooking, and transport of food -
Innovations in farming techniques disseminate across Europe and Asia, promoting social and economic development -
Growing populations lead to more complex communities -
Sites like Stonehenge are built, indicating advances in engineering -
writing systems in Mesopotamia marks the transition to recorded history -
Urban centers, such as Ur and Sumer, emerge, leading to the development of civilization characterized by trade, governance, and culture -
Early hominins begin making and using simple tools. -
Evidence of controlled fire for warmth, cooking, and protection. -
Homo Heidelberg utilizes fire for cooking, protection, and social interaction
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Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa
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Early Homo sapiens begin to migrate out of Africa, leading to global dispersal and adaptation
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Significant artistic, such as those found in Lascaux, France, illustrate the cognitive and cultural development of early humans
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Innovations such as blades and composite tools emerge, reflecting increased resources
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burial rituals, often accompanied by grave goods, indicates developing beliefs in an afterlife
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These small statuettes may symbolize fertility and represent early artistic expression
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Humans adapt to harsh climatic conditions, leading to migration patterns that shape future populations.