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Brown vs. Board of Education Ruling
Thurgood Marshall: The first African American Justice
*Ruling declared that segregation in schools was unconstitutional
* Both whites and non-whites could go to the same schools -
Congress of Racial Equality Founded
Civil Rights: The rights to every citizen in the United States
* founded by a group of students who protested nonviolently against segregation
* Started in the north then moved to bigger cities and got to the south and many blacks got civil rights -
Dodgers hire Jackie Robinson
Color line: A law that separates whites and non-whites
*Jackie was the first black man ever to play in a national sport.
*Jackie and his team got very many comments for him being on the team mostly hated and treating comments, but they didn't let get to them. -
Executive Order 9981
Segregation: the separation of black and whites
*Turman decided to end segregation in the military
*Whites still hated blacks a lot just after this was put to law, but know it way better -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter From Birmingham Jail
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
* an organization created by MLK jr. and other civil rights leaders using nonviolent acts to achieve social and potical goals.
*Pledged to use nonviolent resistance to help the south end racism -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Plessy v. Ferguson: a law that was made in 1896 that upheld racism "separate but equal'
*Plessy v. Ferguson is a landmark
* Civil rights act of 1964 was the most important civil rights act since reconstitution -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
Jim Crow Laws: Laws of racial segregation
Sit-In: Blacks would get beaten for sitting just because the are protesting that they should have rights
* Sit-in where a group of people protesting at a restaurant and didn't order anything therefore the business losses customers.
*SNCC organized sit ins at restaurant -
Freedom Rides
Civil Disobedience: the nonviolent refusal of protesters
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
* Hopped on a bus in Washington D.C. and drove to the south.
*Ended up in a big fight when they got off the bus many went to jail. -
Integration of Central High School
Little Rock Nine: group of the first african americans to go to a central school
* The little rock nine students got threatened, named , and much more for being black.
*Each student got their own personal body guard that would follow them everywhere trough out the school. -
March on Washington
NAACP:
*the march of Washington was a protest march for "jobs and freedom"
*a lot of people wear involved there was a group that would sleep in their cars
*the Washington made a big impact on society. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
disenfranchise: The right to vote
* The blacks that went to go vote where very proud because it was the first time they ever voted
*Many blacks however, didn't want to vote because they where scared of getting hurt by the whites around them for voting. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power: Group of activists that were not focused on nonviolent protesting
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
* The group that demanded economic and political rights and ready to take violent actions
* Blacks and the Nation of isalm were influenced by the leaders Malcom X, Huey Newton, and Bobby Steale
- were okay with violence
developed a 10 pt platform to achieve their goals. -
Regents of the Univeristy of California v. Bakke
Affirmative action: an action that calls for works to hire more people
*A law that says the race of someone can be a factor but not the big factor
* this change the way a lot of public schools worked -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
discrimination:the unjust action that separates people by race and sex, etc..
*banded discrimination in rental, sales and many other businesses.
*this made a big impact on lots of african americans lives because the could know get a job in a different career path -
Swann VS. Charlotte Mecklenburg of Education
Desegregation: ending the separation of people by race
* school and the black students who are being bussed to the school
*bussing is a way for schools to desegregate -
Watts Riot
Kerner Commission: National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders established to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the U.S.
Ghettos: a part of a city where people belonging to a single ethnic group live
*a riot in California
*this caused many people to freak out and worry -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
Rosa Parks: a black lady that said she wasn't going to move out of her seat for a white man.
Boycott: a movement made by a group that was for a optical reason.
*A lot of blacks where involved
*No black rode on the city busses they would walk everywhere. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam: a group of african americans fight for optical rights was make in Detroit Michigan
Malcolm X: The leader of the Nation of Islam
*Malcolm X had a lift of crime in his teenage years
*Black Nationalism is the separation whites from blacks not blacks from whites.
