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Henry Cabot Lodge
-He strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy.
-He was in charge of the congressional committee that was in charge of investigations-the army handled the Filipino rebels.
-Was against joining the league of nations and felt the US would lose its freedom of action.
Imperialism- A polical of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy and military force. -
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in hi book The Influence Of Sea Power Upon History.
-Mahan's ideas influenced naval power by the US seeking new markets abroad through the navy on the seas, and his emphasis upon acquisition of naval base, the ideas ran by the Assistant Secretory of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt. -
Alvin York
-Was one of the most decorated soldiers of the U.S Army in WW1
-Received the medal of honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest. Taking 35 machines guns, killing at leat 28 Germans Soldiers.
-This action occurred during the U.S led portion of the broads Meuse-Argonne offensve in France to breach the Hindenburg & make the opposing German Forces surrender.
-He was inspiration to all throughout the world. -
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Spanish American War
-Was a conflict between United States and Spain.
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the U.S to be an empire.
-It was in the Western Pacific and Latin America like Philippines, Samoa, Guam, Wake island, and Cuba.
-Congress support a modernization program that would make American Navy effective and strong.
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Sanford B Dole
-His family developed the dole pineapple company.
-The U.S Navy used Hawaii as a gas station.
-He had an active role in the over throw of the monarchy Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii & was elected as the first president in 1893 fo the U.S.
-U.S annexed Hawaii during the Sp-Am war & Dole became Hawii's 1st government. -
Sinking of the USS Maine
-The Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American citizens while Cuban revolutions were fighting Spain for independence.
-The newspaper writers blamed Spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar.
-Many Americans saw this as a chance to seize other overseas possessions and begin building an American empire. -
Theodore Roosevelt Battle Of San Juan Hill "rough riders"
-Assistant secretary of the navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the " rough rides" acting with other army regiment, they defeated Spanish forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba. -
Open Door Policy
-Purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with china.
-The treaty would oppose any attempt by othe nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china.
-This policy was the United States attempt towards world power. -
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Presidency Of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the U.S after the assassination of McKinley.
-Roosevelt's "Square Deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations.
-Foreign policy was to bring the United out of its Isolations & fulfill it responsibility as a world power.
-After the death o Garret Hobart, Theodore became vice-president. -
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Panama Canal
-The Panama Canal is a 50 mile long shortcut for the ships to cross oceans and cut travel time by over 1/2.
-The total and final construction cost was just over $400,000,000
-Panama was owned by Colombia, when Colombia denied the U.S Access so to help build the route the U.S freed panama and helped them developed a country to build the canal. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Theodore Roosevelt
-Convinced that all of Latin America was vulnerable to European attack.
-President Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe Doctrine and added his own corollary.
-Monroe Doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the Western Hemisphere, Roosevelt Corollary.
-Was used to justify US intervention though out the Hemisphere. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Was to crate stability ad order aboard that would best promote American commercial Interests.
-To improve financial opportunities to use private capital further U.S interest overseas.
-Taft administration concentrated on assisting American businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment an trade, especially in Latin America an the far East.
-If Latin Americans countries did not pay their dept the U.S government sent marines to collect. -
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World War 1
Created powers- Austria- Hungary, German Empire, Holloman empire, kingdom of Bulgaria, Bosnia, Italy & Unite States.
-Triple Entente-France, Russia, Great Britain, Serbia's, Japan.
-The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were Gunned down which led to WW2. -
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Weapons of total war part 2
Machine Guns: fully automatic mounted or portable firearm, design to fire bullets in a quick succession from an a ammunition belt.
-Developed for rapid firing.
-One of the most deadliest and devastating weapons.
French Warfare: Method of fighting were opposing armies fought from and defended their territories using a system of dug out trenches.
-To construct a thought out system that underwent constant revision.
-Protected men frm machine guns. -
Weapons of world war 1
submarines (U-boats)
-submarines or u- boats also known as 'undersea boat were createdto fight war on sea.
-developed to gain advantage an the warfare
-extremely effective against merchant ships, and history , n hidering the allies supply line
mines(land&underwater based);
-explosive device conceled under water or n ground to destroy or disable enemy targets ,janging from combafents to vehicles and tanks as they passed overor near I
-developed to create defensive tactical burries,chaneling at -
Sinking Of Lustiana
-Less than a year after WW1 a German U-boat the rms, a British ocean liner route from New York to lver pool, England. -
Suffex Pledge
-the sussex pledge was a promise made in 1915 during WWI by germany to the us prior to the latters entry into the war, early in 1915 germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be topedded without warning -
Espionage Act
-The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war. For those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment, protesting conscription, or say or doing anything to impede the war effort.
-The maximum fin was up to $10,000 an 20 years in federal prison. -
Zimmerman Telegraph
-This was a message from the German foreign minister to Mexico gov.
-The war between the United States and Geramay I polished on the front pages of newspapers across America to help brign America into WW1. -
German unrestricted submarine warfare
-Reason why the U.S joined the war are when German U-bats sink merchant ships, and also because German U-boats sink the Lusitania and they also sink a merchant ship. -
American Exeditionary Force
-The commanding general was John J. Pershing.
-The AEF's nickname was "Dough Boys".
-They had more than 500,00-1,000,000 me, the AEF sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the ar.
-U.S divisions were deployed with French and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quiet sectors of their lines. The AEF helped push the allied powers towards victory under the command of general John J. Pershing. -
Battle Of Aragonne Forest
-The AEF(American expeditionary force) assembled 600,000 soldiers + 40,000 pieces of Artillery
-A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,00 were killed or wounded.
-Fought threw the Hilly Terrain shattered the German Line.
-Final allied offensive of World War I, that stretched along the entire western front to help end war. -
Expending World Power
in this time power, american changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force, both economically and militarily -
Fourteen Point Plan
-The Fourteen Point plan ideas were distributed world wide by the government working for George creed in the American committee on public information.
-Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson's plans were distributed to allied nation anddropped from planes above Germany.
-Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the coming peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations. -
Supreme Court
Issue:The first amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-Congress passed the law called the Espionage Act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was a crime.
-The court ruled that their is limits to free speech. Free speech is mot protected from "shouting fire in a crowded theater and causing panic". The first amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger". -
Treaty Of Versaillas
-The treaty's terms was Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land France and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparations, and the German army was limited to 100,000 men, and the League of Nations was created.
-The U.S saw this as an unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points.
-The U.S was offered to join the League, but turned it down, because of foreign affairs, so the U.S went into isolation until the stock markets crash. -
League Of Nations
-The treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors.
-The United States congress denied president Wilson's 14 points along with the league nations.
-The league was severely weakened when several major powers such as the United States + Russia failed to join it.