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Benito Mussolini
-Fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other European countries after 1919
-Fascist program emphasize intense nationalism, productivism, anti socialism, elitism and the need for a strong leader -
Joseph Stalin
-Powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union
-Dictator who terrorized the population and sent many people to prison and labor camps
-Collective farming
-State owned farms
-Stalin steadily increased his power -
Japanese Expansion
-Began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on china
-Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy
-US had stopped trade which led them to attack the US and British forces in Asia and shortly after Japan dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor leading to declare war -
Adolf Hitler
-Dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation
-Personal freedom disappeared in Nazi germany
-Hitler asked Hinderburg to grant him emergency power in view of the communist takeover -
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Axis powers of ww2
-Germany, Italy and Japan
-Originally between Germany and Italy by binding Rome and Berlin
-Reason for the germans starting the war w=since hitler had came into power and felt that the germans deserved better than what the treaty left them with
-Italy joined because the fascist leader was to spread fascism throughout europe -
George Marshall
-Acted as chief of staff and the organizer of victory
-Worked closely with FDR to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor -
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Allied powers of ww2
-Great Britian. France, Soviet Union, US, and China
-Great Britian and France had allied together -
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Volunteerism in ww2
-Began blood donor services in America to produce life saving plasma for the armed forces, saved in hospitals, produced emergency supplies, collected scrap, run victory games and maintained training programs
-Became the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe -
Rationing
-Controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter and jellies
-People used rationing goods which were issued to each family based on its size -
M1 Semi Automatic Rifle and Radar
-Design of M1 allowed Americans to fire more shots against their German and Japanese counter parts
-Battles were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines -
Rosie the Riveter
-Cultural icon during WW2 representig women who worked in factories
-many produced munitions or war supplies -
War bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds and the gov promised to return them w interest 10 years or more -
Lend Lease Program
-Gave president authority to sell lease lend or otherwise dispose of a defense article to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the us
-Allowed the US to provide its allies with aid -
Women in the Military
-WACS
-Auxiliary unit
-Women were doing office things
WAVES -
Pearl Harbor
-Japanese royal navy launched a surprise attack against the americans
-Destroyed 18 ships and 32 airplanes
-FDR famous day of infamy speech -
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Multiple fronts fought by the US
-The US had fought a few fronts during ww2 like the atlantic front, pacific front, european and the home front -
Bataan death march
-Happened after the US surrendered of the bataan peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers -
Chester W. Nimitz
-Leading the US army authority on submarines
-He was the US last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
-Battle halted the japanese advance in the pacific -
Isoroku Yamamato
-Japanese Marshal Admiral commander in chief of the combined fleet
-Played a vital role in pearl harbor which made japan vicious -
Battle of Midway
-Pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive US victories against Japan because major advances in code breakinh, the US was able to preempt and counter Japans planned ambush -
Victory Gardens
-Government rationed food like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat, and canned goods
-Government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant victory gardens -
Higgins Boats
-Landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in ww2
-Designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operations in swamps or marshes -
Executive order 9066
-Document ordered the removal of resident enemy from parts of the west
-After bombing pearl harbor by the japanesein 1941 -
Bernard Montgomery
-Senior British Army Officer in the African and European war
-Commanded the British 8th army and 21st army during the the euro campaign
-All over british troops on june 6 -
Erwin Rommel
-Field marshall
-Germans most popular general during ww2
-on D DAY he discussed with other officers about surrendering
-Due to his ties to the plot to overthrow hitler he was murdered -
Douglas MacAuthor
-American 5 star general and field marshall of the philippine army
-chief of staff during ww2
-led the army in island hopping -
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US office of war information
-Control the content and imagery of war messages and make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
-Produced radio programs, news reels, asked citizens to contribute time and money, create products, conserve resources, donate, and stirrup distrust to lower enemy and poplulation morals to promote surrender -
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Island hopping
-Affecting the tide in favor of the allied powers because they kept pushing japanese forces out of which the islands through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal and the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the beginning of island hopping fought between August 1942 and February 1943 -
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Victory Corps
-Purpose of this was to prepare high school students to aid in the war effort on homefront lines
-Both girls and boys from white and african american school participated
-SDtudents participate in a physical fitness programs and enroll in a war effort -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the US army
-He was in service in north america and western europe during ww2
-Then became general of the 1st american army to land in france -
Korematsu vs US
-Fred Koremarsu a japanese US citizen refused to leave his home in San Leandro
-Court decided the nations security concern out weighed the constitutions promise of equal rights
-Executive order of 9066 banned japanese alien and non aliens from us -
Potsdam Conference
-Participants were the ussr wand the uk
-powers were represented by communist party joseph stalin, winston churchill and harry truman
-broke germany into 3 parts -
Nuclear weapon
-President harry truman decided to use atomic bomb against japan
-Japan surrendered -
Women and minority
-The men went to fight and the women worked in factories
-Men came back to reclaim their positions -
US and European Countries
-30% of unemployment was cut down to less that 5%
-European countries were left to rebuild and the us lended money to countries -
Advanced technology in ww2
-Torpedoes were used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance
-Bombing raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area -
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U.S. Office of War Information
-Production of pro-allied, anti axis propaganda, such as movies and posters, to make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
-The OWI produced its own radio, programs, and required that all movies produced during the war contribute in some way to the war effort -
German Expansion
-German invasion on Western Poland on Sep 1 led to ww2.
-German army invaded and occupied many countries including Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, France, Denmark, Norway and Poland.
-Led both Britian and France to declare war