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House Un-American Activites Committee (HUAC)
*An investigative committee of the U.S House of Representatives creating in 1938 to inquire into rebellious activities in the U.S (It was abolished in 1975)
*In the mid 1940's the committee focused its investigations on searching for communists in the United States
*Most famous for investigation Alger Hiss and for the "blacklisting" of many Hollywood actors
*Often innaccurately associated with Joseph McCarthy who was a senator (not a member of the house) -
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Second Great Migration
*Migration of 5 million African Americans rom South & from the North to the Midwest, and west
*African Americans moved from discrimination and for jobs in the defense industry
*They went to cities like Los Angeles, CA, Oakland and Long Beach -
G.I Bill Established
*Wanted to create benefits and jobs for soldiers coming back from World War II
*Benefits: low cost mortgage, start up loans for businesses, low interest loans, payed soldiers to go to college
*Econoomy was greatly improving in the U.S with the help of the G.I Bill -
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Arms Race
*Major Superpowers: United States of America, Great Britai, The Soviet Union & France details: both countries had nuclear weapons and was creating more to be equal to eachother civilian response- the schools made the students practice duck and cover in school to protect fom falling debris and the bomb shelters were set up to protect people from missiles (Nuke War) mutually assured destruction (have enough to destroy your country) and ever other country in the world -
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Baby Boom!
*An increase of American population occured after WWII and the Korean War
*By the end of the 1940's 3.4 million babies were born
*War stricken men wanted to see their wives and tired of taking lives now wanted to creat life after the war in marriages and gerneral prosperity came a demand for housing, federal highway contruction, new industries and increased military spending all of which helped creat jobs -
Truman Doctrine
*Purpose: The U.S made the policy to help stop the spread of communism and keep communism contained - was created to free a smaller country from a bigger force(communist)
*Containment Policy: is to stop the spread of communism to other countries
*Domino Theory: if one state came under communism the rest would follow -
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Cold War
*Cold War started with the Truman Doctrine and ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall -
Marshall Plan
*In 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an economic program to contain communism
*His Marshall Plan supported economic aid to Europe and generated increased trade between the United States and European nations
*Marshall received the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for the plan -
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Berlind Airlift
*During the communist blockade of the West Berlin, British, and U.S planes flew humanitarian supplies into Berlin for nearly a year
*Actions: American&British flew over 200,000 with 4700 ton of necessities to the people of West Berlin
*Berlin Airlift brought embarrassment to the Soviets May 1949 and resulted in the creation of two seperate German states -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
*Purpose: Safeguard the freedom and security of its members throught political and military means
*Why it was created: Protect each other from the Soviet Union
*Members:U.S, UK, Canada, and 9 northern western Europea countries
*Stands for the North Atlandtic Treaty Organization
*Soviet response: They tried to expand and made the Warsaw Pact- defense treaty among eight communist states -
Air-Conditioning(Man Made Weather)
*Modern A/C invented in 1902 but not put to widespread use until after WWII
*Used 1st in a theater in the south - use od TV A/C & Cars kiled the use of front porch gatherings and drove up the use of electricity
*Jobs& people migrated to the South bc of the use of A/C (people can escape the southern heat)
*With more jobs and people in the south A/C helped boost the economy -
Rock-N-Roll
*A form of popular music that evolved in the 1950's from rhythm and blues: characterized by the use of electric guitars, a strong rhythm with an accent on the offbeat, and youth-oriented lyric. It characterized a generational divide between youths and adults -
Senate Hearins lef by Joseph McCarthy
*Red Scare: It also McCarthyism- McCarthyism term coined by political cartoonist Herbert Block in 1950 cartoon in reference to Senator Joseph McCarthy
*The fear of communism (a second Red Scare) increased throughout the 1950's extreme opposition to communism gained the name
* "McCarthyism' from the effots of Senator McCarthy in 1950 announced that communists worked in the State Dept. He identified known communists and accused other due to 1000's falsely accused he lost the senators race -
Sputnik Launch
*Important to the U.S: Sputnik launch ignites United States - Soviet space race
*President of the U.S : Dwight Eisonhower (WWII General)
*Head of Soviet Union: Nikita Krushcev -
Creation of NASA
*Importance to the US: Was the first space program made by the U.S after Russia launched the 1st space craft(sputnik) U.S also pushed for more math&science education in school people: Pres. Eisonhower -
Berlin Wall
*In 1961, the Soviet backed the East German movement (GDR) began constructing a fence to halt the flow of human resources from the East to the West.
*The wall was a symbol of the division of East ad West for the remainder of the Cold War until it was taken down in 1989
*Iron Curtain: phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe the division of Europe between communist and democratic ions -
President Kennedy "Moon" Speech
- "We choose to go to the moon" speech *Meant to persuade the American people to support the effort of NASA to send a manned space flight to the moon
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Cuban Missile Crisis
*During the October 1962 crisis, President John F. Kennedy warned Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev that an attack launched on the United States from missiles based in Cuba would be considered an attack from the Soviet Union
*In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test- ban treaty with the Soviets
*Direct communication between the White house and the Kremlin was enacted so the nations leaders could communicate in times of crisis -
Friendship 7
*Importance to America: first successful attempt by NASA to place an astronaut in space
*People: John Glenn