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Period: to
New Immigration
-Russians + Ukranian Jew came seeking refuge from religious
-wanted social mobility by the "rags to riches" American dream
-seeked employment, most new immigrants from Southern European nations were in dire economic times w/ high employment + limited opportunity
-growth in industrial development
-settled in places such as NY, Boston, and Philadelphia -
captions Of Industry- Andrew carnegie
-19th century industrialists
-Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry
-Controlled the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by a individual in the US
-adopted the Bessemer process for steel making -
Morse Code
-a single-circuit telegraph that worked by pushing the operator key down to complete the electric circuit of the battery. This action sent the electric signal across a wire to a receiver at the other end.
-telegraph lines normally ran with the RR track since the RR used them 1st and the routes were laid out already
-electric telegraphs were to reduce the cost of sending a message compared to semaphores, and could be used non-stop, 24hrs a day, independent of the weather or daylight -
Homestead Act
-opened up settlement in the western US allowing Americans and free slaves to claim up to 160 free acres of fed land
-Western expansion encouraged by gold rush and new rail roads
-Civil war with Native Americans to protect their tribal land from white settlement -
1st Transcontinental Railroad
-Railroad sped up the transport to industries which sped up the process of making goods
-Affected settlement allowing easy transport west ppl looked for land, cash crop, and new start
-easy access to sell cattle for the cowboys/farmers with crops
-making farmers feel threatened w/ railroads monopolies -
Period: to
Rise Of the Labor Unions
-labor unions helped protect the rights of workers
-to be apart of labor unions workers apply for membership &pay dues
-the purpose of labor unions was to increase wages & benefits for members who helped stop child labor
-went on strike/boycott nd sometimes violence occured
-employes wanted to exclude unions from their businesses -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of impurities from iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, decreasing cost
-the process made steel 10x stronger than iron
-Rail roads went further,buildings grew higher due to strength and low cost of steel -
Nast vs "Boss" Tweed
-Tweed filled important political positions w/ friends
-controlled the NYC gov't nd demo. party
-established a network of corruption known as "Tweed Ring"
-Thomas Nast oust Tweed w/ his cartoons nd was convicted on charges of forgery and larceny
-stole millions of dollars from NYC
-Escaped prison to spain, he was captured and sent back to NY
-he was identified in Spain for Nast's cartoons -
Chinese Exclusionary Act
-First significant restriction on us immigration
-Prohibited all immigration of Chinese labors
-Act was intended for 10yrs, made permanent in 1902 but repealed by Magnusium Act in 1943 -
Hay-market Riot
-labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police
-At least 8 ppl died
-8 radical labor activists were convicted in connection w/ the bombing
-Haymarket Riot was viewed as a setback for the organized labor movement in America -
Hull House
-located in Chicago, Illinois
-leaders were Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr
-purpose was to aid the needy immigrants to assimilate to American customes
-unique in this time period because they were women -
John D Rockefeller
-founder of the Standard oil company which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry
-Monopoly-standard oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in the U.S through horizontal integration. In the Kerosene industry, standard oil replaced the old distribution system with its own vertical system. -
Homestead Strike
-Carnegie Steel Co was determined to break the union
-locking the workers out of the plant
-Frick (Companies Manager) sent for 300 Pinkerton guards but when they arrived they were met -
Pullman Strike
-George Pullman increased working hours, cut wages, and cut jobs caused from depression.
-the workers who belonged to the American RR Union (Aru) protested and started the Pullman strike on May 11, 1894 and broke out -
Period: to
Angel Island
-was one entry into the US established by the US
-the gov detain immigrants sometimes for yrs weeks to yrs before let them in US
-asian immigrants felt humiliated having to dis-rob in front of doctors
-asian women were denied entry if they did not have a husband or father alrdy in the country
-asian immigrants were denied entry for small health problems -
Period: to
Great Migration
-job opportunities
-voting was right
-violence of hate -
Americanization Day
-movement set about to reshape the era's image around themes of immigrants embracing american culture
-across the country, immigrants and n on-immigrants gathered to sing patriotic songs, recite the pledge of allegiance and listen to speeches
-pros: spread of culture and assimilation of immigrants into the US
-cons: takes away from immigrants sense of pride for they're native country -
Cattle Drive Era
-located in Texas, but ended in the mid-west where the trains were that took the cattle east
-Chicago & NY have more ppl so the more ppl the more beef they need
-the new tech was barb wire that ended the open range