Week One-Westward Expansion/Gilded Age

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    North River Steamboat

    -Transportation=wealthy would use it as form to travel in rivers
    -Environment=farmers grew crops along river because it was easy to get them to markets near river forks and rapids
    -Marine Diesel Engine
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    New Migration

    -Irish;Religious Freedom
    -Economic Condition
    -German religious background difficulties political difference
    -Chinese need work
    -Gold rush
    -Most migrants lived mostly by the west coast
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    New Language

    -German Immigrant came to the U.S. to escape economic hardship & for the political freedom
    -Ireland population immigrated because of poverty and famine
    -These people tended to live in cities like Chicago,New York,St. Louis
    -These immigrants found work on the trans-continental railroads,built canals and they became involved in almost every labor-intensive job they could find
    -National Origins Act of 1924 was a policy that restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas
  • Morse Code

    -Morse code: An alphabet or code in which letters are represented by combination of long and short of sounds
    -Morse code is named after Samuel F.B. Morse
    -After the telegraph, it led to the telephones,fax machines,internet, and finally the smart phones
    -The telegraph pole routes ran along the railroads provided free land and helped us better communication
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    Boss Tweed

    -Was a legendary corrupt leader of NYC in his years following the Civil War
    -He targeted the immigrants and offered them a job a place to live .In return, the immigrants had to vote for who Boss Tweed wanted in power
    -They surveyed the Democratic party
    -He was arrested and tried in 1872 for stealing millions of dollars from NYC
  • Homestead Act

    -Government offered large amount of free land for everyone including freed slaves
    -To get settlers to move west to explore and settled
    -To earn ownership of piece of land by living on it over a period of time
    -The Indians culture blended into Americans,they fought,lost land,had many death
  • Chinese Exclusionary Act

    -1st & only legislation to suspend immigration of certain nationality in 1892 was renewed for another 10 yrs in 1902 the ban became permanent
    -American people were scared to fight for their jobs caused segregation of Asians from Americans and china towns
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    Cattle Drive Era

    -General start points were in Tx and endpoints were up north (Kansas,Missouri,New Mexico..)
    -Increased demand for beef in the markets was because of the price and many saw it was a ready workforce
    -One of the major routes was The Chisholm Trail,used from 1866-1884,it was from San Antonio,Tx-Abilene,Ks
    -The extension of RR tracks got rid of what was never needed for the drives
    -The invention of barbed wires fence caused the end of the open range & cattle drives
  • The Transcontinental Railroad

    -The 1st transcontinental railroad reached from east coast to west coast
    -No more traveling in long wagon trains
    -The railroad was built between 1863-1869
    -Things like mail,supplies trade goods(cattle & crops)can be shipped in a few days
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    Rise of Labor Unions

    -Knights of Labor, organized in 1869
    -The Great depression(1929-39)was the deepest & longest lasting economic downturn in history
    -Union wanted higher wages,short hours, & safer work environment
    -''Producers" rather than strictly top wage workers, eschewing the trade union reliance on the strike & boycott
    -Workers hoping to improve their conditions
    -They threatened national trade unions,demanded the group to confine itself
    -When it refused ,they joined in Dec,1886 to form the AFL
  • John D. Rockefeller

    -He was the head of standard oil company
    -He dominated the petroleum industry
    -John was also one of the most Respected Philanthropist in history ,he helped pay for the creation of the University of Chicago and Rockefeller of New York
    -He used vertical integration by buying components that provided the equipment and service he needed
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    Thomas Nast Takes down "Boss'' Tweed

    -''Boss'' Tweeds political power allowed him to funnel large amounts of public monies into personal accounts of politicians,and himself
    -Ended with NYC in deep debt
    -Public outcry against Tammy Halls corruption came to a head in the early 1870's
    -The citizens started realizing that Tweed was taking money,because the proof that was provided by Nast's cartoons
    -Tweed was jailed for stealing money
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    Gilded Age & Westward expansion

    -The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth,especially in the North and West.American wages,especially for skilled workers,were much higher than in Europe,which attracted millions of immigrants
    -Railroads were the major industry,but the factory system,mining,& finance increased
    -Labor unions became important in industrial areas
    -"This time period characterized by economic growth ,widespread poverty,westward expansion,& political corruption"
  • Bessemer Steel Process

    -The removal of impurities f/ iron
    -The Bessemer process revolutionized the steel production, de-creasing the cost
    -The process made steel 10 x stronger than iron
    -RR went further,buildings grew higher due to strength & low cost of steel
  • Haymarket Riot

    -The cause was a peaceful rally to lower the hours of work f/ 14 to 8 hrs
    -A bomb that was thrown at police attempting to break up a peaceful rally of Chicago workers
    -Police opened fire,killing 4 and wounding at least 70.Also wounding 6 of their own officers
    -The effect was that 7 Chicago anarchist sentenced to death on the flimsiest of evidence
  • Andrew Carnegie

    -The Carnegie argument about the gospel of wealth is that rich people should be allowed to use their money to helpless 'fit people'
    -Lie created Bessemer process steel making his fortune in the steel industry the most extensive integrated
  • Hull House

    -Located in the near west side of Chicago,Illinois
    -Founded by James Adams,Ellen Starr
    -Hull House opened its doors for recently arrived European immigrants
    -They provided numerous service they also help immigrants learn English
    -The beginning of Women in Change (Women can not vote yet)
  • Homestead Strike

    -Carnegie Steel Co was determined to break the union
    -Locking the workers out of the plant
    -Frick(Companies Manager) sent for 300 Pinkerton guards but when they arrived they were met by 10 thousand strikers,many of them armed
    -After an all-day battle, the Pinkerton surrendered
    -Carnegie & US Gov. help moved in quickly to institute longer hours & lower wages
    -It also highlighted how difficult it was for any union to succeed against the combined powers of the corporation & the government
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    Ellis Island

    -Northern & Western Europe & Germany
    -Southern and Eastern Europe poured in
    -Inspected for visible aliments(six sec. medical exam)
    -If they failed they were sent back to their original country
    -2% were denied admission for disease,criminal background,or insanity
    -Immigrants quota act and the national origins act restricted the quantity into the U.S.
  • Pull Man Strike

    Cause
    -Manufacture of railroad cars
    -Cut the already low wages of its workers about 25%, but did not introduce corresponding reduction intrets & other charges
    Happened
    -American railroad way Union striking
    -Small groups , 260,000 joined
    -Refused to hitch cars
    -Refused to handle pullmans car
    Result
    -Federal injunction
    -Strikes & violent reaction ruined his reputation
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    Angel Island,CA

    -Also known as ''Ellis Island of the West''
    -Majority of the groups were Asian immigrants,(Japanese & Chinese)
    -They were detained & interrogated, asking obscure questions that could not be answered.
    -Men & women housed separately.
    -Detainees spent much of their time in barracks
    -Women immigrants were denied entry is if they didn't have a Father nor Husband that are U.S. citizen would be deported.
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    Great Migration

    Pull Factors
    -Job opportunities
    -Voting was a right
    Push factors from South
    -Violence of hate
    -Work to survive/no jobs
    Migrating of new jobs opportunities,blacks moved north to escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching,unfair legal system,inequality of education
  • Americanization Day

    -1915,the USA declared it needed to establish a campaign to unify new & old Americans
    -The USA chose May 1,as the venue,to reshape the old & embrace the new
    -Meaning:1)to make American,2) to assimilate into American Culture,3)to bring American influence or control