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Age of the Steam Boat
-The environment of the society changed dramatically causing steam boat to get get goods and products easily
-Cities grew along the rivers to make trade and transportation easier
-SB enabled goods to be transported both up and down the river system from Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania to New Orleans,Louisiana -
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Angel Island , CA
-Also known as "Ellis Island of the the West"
-Majority of the groups were Asian immigrants ( Japanese and Chinese)
-They were detained and interrogated, asking obscure questions that they could not be answered
-Men and women housed separately
-Detainees spent most of their time in the barracks
-Women immigrants were denied entry if they doesn't have a father or husband that are U.S citizen -
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New Immigrants
-German immigrants came to the U.S to escape economic hardship and for political freedom
-Ireland population immigrated because of poverty and Famine
-These people tended to live in cities like Chicago, New York, and St.Louis
-These immigrants found work on the trans-continental railroads, built canals, and they became involved in almost every labor-intensive job they could find
-National Origins Act of 1924 was a policy that establishing a system of national quotas -
Morse Code
-Morse code:An alphabet of code in which letters are represented by combination of long and short sounds
-Morse Code is named after Samuel F.B Morse
-After the telegraph it led to the telephone,fax machine,internet,and finally the smartphone
-The telegraph pole ran along the railroads provided free land and helped us for better communication -
Transcontinental Rail Road
-The 1st transcontinental real road reached from the east coast to West coast
-No more traveling in long wagon trains
-The rail road was built between 1863 and 1869
-Things like supplies,trade goods (cattle and crops)can be shipped in a few days. -
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Boss Tweed
-Was a legendary corrupt leader of New York city in his years following the civil war
-He targeted the immigrants and offered them a job and a place to live;In return,the immigrants had to vote for who Boss Tweed wanted in power
-They served the democratic party.
-He was arrested and tried in 1872 for steeling millions of dollars form New York City -
Home Stead Act
-Government offered larger amount of free land for everyone including freed slaves
-To get settlers to move west to explore and settle
-To earn ownership of piece of land you had to be living on it over a period of time
-The Indian culture blended into america they fought,loss land and death -
Chinese Exclusionary Act
-1st and only major legislation to suspend immigration of a certain nationality in 1892 was renewed for another 10 years in 1902 the ban became permanent
-American people were scared to fight for their jobs
-Caused segregation of Asians from Americans and China towns -
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Thomas Nast takes down ''Boss Tweed''
-Boss Tweed power allowed him to funnel large amounts of public monies into personal accounts of politicians and himself
-Ended with New York city in deep debt
-Public outcry against Tammy Halls corruption came to a head in the early 1870's
-The citizens realize that Tweed was taking money because the proof that was provided bay Nast's cartoons
-Tweed was jailed for stealing money -
Period: to
Cattle Drive Era
-General start points were in Texas and the endpoints were up North (Kansas,Missouri...)
-Increased demand for beef w in the markets was because of the price and also many saw it as a ready workforce.
-One of the major routes was The Chisholm Trail used from 1866 to 1884, it was from San Antonio,Texas to Abilene,Kansas
-The extension of railroad tracks got rid of was was needed for the drives
-The invention of barbed wire fence caused the end of the open range and cattle drives -
Period: to
Rise of Labor Unions
-Knights of labor,organized in 1869,along industrial lines
-The Great Depression(1929-1939)was the deepest&longest lasting economic downturn in history
-Union wanted higher wages,shorter hours,and a safer working environment
-Procedures rather than strictly to wage workers,&eschewing the trade union reliance on the strike and boycott
-Knights threatened national trade union,demanded the groups to confine itself
-When it refused they joined in Dec.1886 to form the American Federation Labor -
John D. Rockefeller
-He was the head of Standard oil company
-He dominated the petroleum industry
-John was also one of the most respected philanthropist in history,he helped pay for the creation of the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University of New York
-He used vertical integration by buying companies that provided the equipment and services he needed -
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"Gilded Age and Westward Expansion"
-The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth,especially in the North and West. American wages, especially for skilled workers,were much higher than in Europe,which attracted millions of immigrants
-Railroads were the major industry,but the factory system,mining,and, finance increased
-Labor unions became important in industial areas
-This time period is characterized by economic growth,widespread poverty,westward expansion,and political corruption -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of impurities from iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production,decreasing cost
-The process made steel 10x stronger then Iron
-RR went further,building grew high due to strength and low cost of steel -
Hay Market Riot
-Low wages dangerous working conditions
-Labor protest near Chicago hay market square
-Rally tuned the riot after someone threw a bomb and police
-Government imposed death sentence on 7 men and 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison and 4 men were hanged -
Andrew Carnegie
-The Carnegie argument about the gospel of wealth is that rich people should be allowed to use their money to helpless 'fit people'
-Lie created Bessemer process steel making
-His fortune in the steel industry the most extensive intergrated -
Hull House
-Located in the near westside of Chicago Illinois
-Founded by James Addams
-Hull House opens its doors to recently arrived european immigrants
-They provided numerous services,they also help immigrants learn English
-The beginning of women in charge (women couldn't vote yet) -
Homestead Strike
-Carnegie Steel Co. was determined to break the union
-Locking the workers out of the plant
-Frick (Companies Maneger)sent for 300 Pinkerton guards but when they arrived they were met by 10 thousand strikers,many of them armed
-After an all-day battle,the Pinkertons surrendered
-Carnegie&US Gov help moved in quickly to institute longer hours and lower wages
-It also highlighted how difficult it was for any union to succeed against the combined power of the corporation and the gov -
Period: to
Ellis Island
-Northern and Western Europe-Germany
-Southern and Eastern Europe poured in
-Inspected for visible ailments (Six second medical exam)
-If failed they were sent back to their original County
-2% were denied admission for disease, criminal background, or insanity
-Immigrant quota act and the National Origins Act restricted the quantity into the U.S -
Pull Man Strike
Causes
-Manufacture of railroads cars
-Cut the already low wages of its workers about 25%,but did not introduce corresponding reduction interests and other charges
Happend
- American railroad way union striking
-Small groups,260,000 joined
-Refused to hitch cars
-Refused to handle Pullmans cars
Result
-Federal injunction strikes and violent reaction ruined -
Period: to
Great Migration
Pull factors to north
-Job Opportunities
-Voting was a right
Push factors from south
-Violence of hate
-Work to survive/no jobs
-Migrating for new opportunities,blacks moved north to escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching,unfair legal system,and inequality of education -
Americanization Day
-1915 the USA declared that it needed to establish a campaign to unify new and old Americans
-The USA choose May 1 as the venue to reshape the old and embrace the new
-Meaning:1) to make America 2)to assimilate into American culture 3) to bring under American influence or control
