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Dorothea Lange
-Migrant mother is one of her sets of photographs
-Her subject were homeless women,their children& migrant workers
-Her work was funded by federal agencies,such as the farm security administration
-The editor then told the federal authorities whom urged the government to rush to the camp to prevent starvation -
Immigrants During The Depression
-The stock market crashed in 1929, it caused high unemployment Americans panicked, they began to blame Mexican and European immigrants for their problems
-The US deported about 1.5 million Mexicans and Europeans between 1929 and 1935
-President Hoover authorized a special Mexican reparation act to send Mexican americans back to mexico -
Stock Market Crash A
-Buying on the margin meant people had to pay 10-20% of the value of the shares, you were borrowing 80-90% of the value of the shares
-An example of buying on margin to get a loan from the bank to pay off another loan -
Stock Market Crash B
-Warren G Harding campaign promised to return the US prewar mentally without the thought of war tainting the minds of American people
-A return to the way of life before WW1
-Foreign competition by means of tarries waken import quotas or other restrictions or handicaps placed the imports of foreign competitors -
Stock Market Crash
-It was a result of various economic imbalance and structural failings
-In the 1920s, a rapid growth in bank credit and loans in the US
-People who borrowed money were exposed and rush to sell shares and try to redeem their debts
-Margin millionaires get wiped out when stock market fell
-Stock market crash can be blamed on over exuberance and false expectation -
Stock Market Crash C
-Disposable income is the amount of money that households have available for spending
-People were spending instead of saving, when the market crashed all the people did a "bank run" to get more money
-The "bank run" caused the "bank failure" because the banks couldn't keep up with the peoples demands for money -
Robert Taft (New Deal Socialism)
-Co-operating with constructive democrat and led the conservative that opposed the New Deal
-The republicans gains in the 1938 elections combined with the creation of the conservative had stopped the expansion of New Deal
-Calling for economy in gov., a balanced budget , and less centralization of power in the nations capital -
Dust Bowl
-Human Causes : farmers had been plowing the grass lands for crops in central plains and trapping under ground water supplies
-Natural Causes : there was a 10 year drought occurring
-Farmers had to move to California because their harvest was being destroyed
-The wind carried the top soil away this is why it was called the dust bowl -
20th Amendment
-Sets the dates at which federal gov elected offices end also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies
-Cause- elected officials who had been replaced were offices longer than was necessary called "lame duck"
-More the new president from taking in offices in February back to January to lesson lame duck period- effect -
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
-It's purpose was to help farmers by reducing productions of staple crops, taxes forced farmers to cut amounts they marketed
-The gov even paid per farmers to grow crops so prices would not go up an help the land -
Tennessee Valley Authority
-It was created by Congressional in may 1933 to provide flood control, electricity generator and economic development during the depression
-This was president Roosevelt's New Deal for reform
-Largest public power company in the US was the 5th largest river system provides electricity for Tennessee but also parts of Kentucky, Alabama,Georgia,north Carolina and North Virginia
-Some feared the "TVA" was a form of socialism -
FDIC
-Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation
- Purpose was to provide stability to the economy and the failing bank system
-Insured bank deposits so that people wont loose their savings in bank failure
-This was Roosevelt reform of the "New Deal" -
Securities and Exchange Commision
-The purpose of the SEC is protecting investor from dangerous or illegal practices, fraud
-The issue it addressed was the fact that no one was watching the stock markets
-The effect of its passage was prevent another stock market collapse;in doing so, it evolved our markets into high -tech trading centers -
Period: to
Franklin D Roosevelt
-He defeated Herbert Hoover in the 1932 presidential election(Republican Party)
-Major issues were the cultural issues which have before dominated previous elections.The depression was the major concern during this election
-He took office during The Great Depression (1929-1939)
-The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.His meaning for the quote was that the fear they had was making things worse. -
21st Amendment
-Many people had simply refused to accept the alcohol
-Even president Harding died alcohol in the white house
-Prohibition was replaced by 21st amendment
-The experience of prohibition demonstrate that unpopular laws was sometimes not enforced -
Period: to
New Deal
-The plan of "relief,recovery,and reform" was realief for the unemployed and poor,recovery of the economy to normal levels,and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression
-The "New Deal " was a series of social liberal programs enacted in the US
-The "New Deal" produced a political realignment,making the democratic party the majority
-Roosevelt explained his polices in simple controversial terms known as "firesidechats" .He usually addresses the nation by radio -
Gold River Act
-US has a bi-metallic system of money
-Silver was also traded
-Gold standard came to an end in 1933 when Roosevelt issued and executive order outlawing the ownership of gold besides jewelry
-Roosevelt wanted people to reply on "Flat Money" (paper money) -
Huey Long
-US senator and former governor of Louisiana Huey Long promised to give each american family an income of $5,000 a year, to be paid for by taxing the rich Long was assassinated before he was able to mount his campaign against FDR -
Social Security Act
-In 1935 Social Security Act was created for old age unemployed people ho cant help there selves
-The SSA was part of the 3 R's of the New Deal that "FDR" put in place because of the great depression
-Relief,Recovery,Reform -
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill
-The Reform Bill was frequently called the "court packing plan" was a legislative initiative proposed by US President Franklin D Roosevelt to more justice to the US supreme courts
-The bill was to increase the number of US supreme court justice then to bring in several new justice who would change the balance of opinion on the court
-Roosevelt failed many times at attempting to pass the law its failure exposed the limits of Roosevelt abilities to push legislation through direct public appeal -
Grapes of Wrath
-The grapes of Wrath is an american realist novel written by John Steraback and published in 1939
-An okie is a resident native or cultural (descendant of Oklahoma)
-The route 66 the main hwy in the 1930s that connected the grat plains to California
-Migrants went to California in hopes to find jobs and places to work but when they got there the jobs were already taken -
William Randolph Hearst
-Hearst's reputation suffered in the 1930s as his policy views changed in 1932
-He was a major supporter of FDR
-His news papers throughout 1933
-Hearst broke with FDR in the spring of 1935
-President voted the pat man bonus bill