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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
-An investigative committee of the U.S. House of Representatives created in 1938 to inquire into rebellious activities in the U.S. (It was abolished in 1975)
-In the mid-1940s, the committee focused its investigations on searching for communists in the United States
-Most famous for investigating Alger Hiss and for the "blacklisting" of many Hollywood actors
-Often inaccurately associated with Joseph McCarthy, who was a Senator (not a member of the House) -
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2nd Great Migration
Migration of 5 million African Americans FROM South & from the North TO THE Midwest and West.
-African Americans moved from discrimination and for jobs in the defense industry
-They went to cities like Los Angeles, Oakland, and Long Beach. -
G.I. Bill Established
-Wanted to create benefits and jobs for soldiers coming back from WW2
-Benefits: low cost mortgage starts up loans for business low interest loans, paid soldiers to go to college
-Economy was greatly improving in the U.S. with the help of the G.I. Bill -
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ARMS RACE
Major Superpowers: United States of America, Great Britain, The Soviet Union, & France details: both countries had nuclear weapons and was creating more to be = to each other civilian response: the schools were set up to protect people from missiles (NUKE WAR) mutually assured destruction (have enough to destroy your country) and every other country in the world -
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BABY BOOM!!!!
-An increase of Am. population occurred after WW2 and the Korean War
-By the end of the 1940s 3.4 million babies were born
-War stricken men wanted to see their wives and tired of taking lives now wanted to create life after the war in marriages and general prosperity came a demand for housing, federal highway construction, new industries, and increased military spending all of which helped create jobs -
Truman Doctrine
-Purpose: the U.S. made the policy to help stop the spread of communism and keep communism contained
-Was created to free a smaller country from a bigger force (communist)
-Containment policy: is to not stop the spread of communism to other countries
Domino Theory: if one state came under communism the rest would -
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COLD WAR
Cold War started with the Truman Doctrine and ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall -
Marshall Plan
-In 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an economic program to contain communism
-His Marshall Plan supported economic aid to Europe and generated increased trade between the United States and European nations.
-Marshall received the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for the plan. -
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Berlin AirLift
during the communist blockade of West Berlin, British, and U.S. planes flew humanitarian supplies into Berlin for nearly a year.
Actions (American and British): flew over 200,000 with 4,700 tons of necessities to the people of West Berlin
Berlin Airlift brought embarrassment to the Soviets May 1949 and resulted in the creation of two separate German states -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Purpose: safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means
Why it was created: protect each other from soviet union
members: U.S., UK Canada, and 9 northern western European countries
-stands for the north atlantic treaty organization
-soviet response:they tried to expand and made the warsaw pact (defense treaty among eight communist states) -
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KOREAN WAR
-Causes: after ww2 communist north korea invaded south korea united states fighting the soviets in Korea- results: a treaty divided the peninsula along the 38th parallel
when north korea turned communist- cease fire, today it is the most guarded border- Truman doctrine: stopped the spread to other countries
helping south korea falls under the Truman doctrine because America helped contain communism from going to south korea or not past the 38th parallel -
Air-Conditioning (Man made weather)
-Modern A/C invented in 1902 but not put to widespread use until after WW2
-Used 1st in a theater in the South- use of TV A/C & Cars killed the use of front porch gatherings and drove up the use of electricity
-Jobs & people migrated b/c of the use of A/C (people can escape the southern heat
-With more jobs and people in the south A/C helped boosted the economy -
ROCK-N-ROLL
A form of popular music that evolved in the 1950s from rhythm and blues; characterized by the use of electric guitars, a strong rhythm with an accent on the off beat and youth oriented lyrics it characterized a generational divide between youths and adults -
Senate Hearings Led by Joseph McCarthy
RED SCARE 2 also McCarthyism- term coined by political cartoonist Herbert Block in a 1950 cartoon in reference to Senator Joseph McCarthy
The fear of communism (a second Red Scare) increased throughout the 1950s extreme opposition to communism gained the name
"McCarthyism from the efforts of Senator McCarthy in 1950 announced that communists worked in the State Dept. he identify known communists and accused others due to 1000's falsely accused he lost the senators race -
Sputnik Launch RUSSIA
Important to the U.S.: Sputnik launch ignites United States- Soviet space race president of the U.S.: Dwight Eisenhower (WW2 General) head of Soviet Union: Nikita Krushcev -
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SPACE RACE
What it was about: national security reasons and symbolism began with the launch of sputnik (RUSSIA) response to sputnik: America tried to get the first man on the moon and beat the soviet union in the space race effects on education and technology: people were more interested in learning about space and going to space technology: America made better and safer rockets for crews led to the creation of NASA -
Creation of NASA
Importance to the U.S.: was the first space program made by the U.S. after RUSSIA launched the 1st space craft (sputnik) U.S. also pushed for more MATH & SCIENCE education in school people: Pres. Eisenhower -
Berlin Wall
-In 1961, the Soviet backed the East German Government (GDR) began constructing a fence to halt the flow of human resources from the East to the West.
-The wall was a symbol of the division of East and West for the remainder of the Cold War until it was taken down in 1989.
Iron Curtain- phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe the division of Europe between communist and democratic actions -
President Kennedy "moon" speech
-"We choose to go to the moon" speech
-Meant to persuade the American people to support the effort of NASA to send a manned space flight to the moon. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
-During the October 1962 crisis
President John F. Kennedy warned Soviet leader Nikita
-Khrushchev that an attack launched on the United States from missiles based in Cuba would be considered an attack from the Soviet Union
-In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test-ban treaty with the soviets
-Directs communication between the White House and the Kremlin was enacted so the nations' leaders could communicate I times of crisis -
Friendship 7
Importance to America: first successful attempted by NASA to place an astronaut in space people: John Glenn