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Benito Mussolini-Italy
-Fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other Europeans countries after 1919.
-Fascist program emphasized intense nationalism, productivism, anti socialism, elitism and the need for a strong leader Mussolini. -
Joseph Stalin-USSR
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who terrorized the population and send many people to prison and labor camps.
-One of the communist leader's greatest task was collectivize farming. Stalin created a state-owned farms.
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia. -
Japanese Expansion
-Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. Then the US had stopped trade with the Japanese which led them to attack the US and British forces in Asia, and shortly after the Japanese had dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor leading to the US declaring war on the Japanese and joining the war. -
Adolph Hitler-Germany
-A dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation and a c
-Personal freedom disappear in Nazi Germany
-Hitler asked Hinderburg to grant him emergency power in view of the "Communist takeover" -
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Advance Technology in WW2
-Torpedoes were used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance because bullets couldn't go far and do a lot of damage.
-Bombing Raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area, such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2.
-Wolf Packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys. A group of ships, warships and submarines that attack a Certain target all at once. -
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Axis Powers of WW2
-The axis powers of WW2 were Germany, Italy, and Japan. This was originally between Germany and Italy by binding Rome and Berlin. The reason for the Germans started the war since Hitler had came into power and felt that the Germans deserved better than what the treaty left them with, then Italy had joined because the Fascist leader Mussolini was to spread Fascism throughout Europe, and Japan had joined because they were already invading China and they wanted to push their expansion further. -
German Expansion
-The German invasion of Western Poland on 1 September 1939 led to WW2. Between 1939 and 1941 the German army invaded and occupied many countries, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Denmark, Norway and Western Poland. The invasion of Poland led both Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and then began the war, because German invasions continued more of the countries declared war on the Germans and their allies which caused a international response of war. -
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Volunteerism in WW2(Red Cross)
At home:
-Began blood donor services in America to produce live saving plasma for the Armed Forces, saved in hospitals, produced emergency supplies, collected scrap, run victory gardens, and maintained training programs.
Overseas:
-Became the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe, served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs, and were attend to military hospital -
George Marshall
Throughout the war, general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) acted as chief of staff and the organizer of victory. He worked closely with President Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor, built up and supplied an army of 8 million men, and later helped to oversee the creation of the first atomic bomb. -
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Allied Powers of WW2
-The allied powers of the war were Great Britain, France, The Soviet Union, the US, and China. Great Britain and France had allied together after the German invasion of Poland, the Soviet Union joined in June 1941 to gain influence in Europe, China joined after the invasion of Manchuria, and the US had joined because of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter & jellies
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on its size. -
M1 Semi Automatic Rifle & Radar
M1
-The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German and Japanese counter parts.
Radar
-Battles were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines. The radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night. -
"Rosie the Riveter"
-was a cultural icon during WW2 representing the women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or war supplies. -
Women in the Military
-WACS- Women Army Corps
-Auxiliary unit
-Women were doing office things while men in the office were shipped over seas to fight.
-The women did paperwork, supply food, telegram, etc
-WAVES- Women Accepted For Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy
-At the end of WW2 the women couldn't stay in the navy -
Lend Lease Program
-Gave the president the authority to sell lease lend, or otherwise dispose of an defense article to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the us
-Neutrality by claiming that loans were made in the interest of nation defense, goods were not destroyed or lost in battle were to be returned or paid for
-It allowed the US to provide its allies with aid in the form of tanks, ammunition and construction supplies. -
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Multiple Fronts fought by the US
-The US had fought a few fronts during WW2 like The Atlantic Front, The Pacific Front, The European Front, and The Home Front. These fronts had pushed the war in good for the allies because the US was equipped to produce mass war supply for the soldiers and the allied power armies, and the US attacking on these fronts helped the allied powers gain a new ally during the war, due to Germany then declaring war on the US, and the US declaring war on Japan after Pearl Harbor. -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy Bonds & the gov. promised to return to them w/ interest after 10 yr or more
-Gov. needs the $ to pay for war equipment -
Pearl Harbor
-The Japanese Royal Navy launched a surprise attack against the Americans killing over 2,400 Americans and militant personal.
-Destroyed 18 ships and 32 airplanes
-Roosevelt's famous day of infamy speech was a response to the attack -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers, because approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps, survivors were taken by rail from San Fernando to prisoner-of-war camps, where thousands more died from disease, mistreatment and starvation. -
Battle of Midway
-The Battle of Midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive U.S. victories against Japan, because major advances in code breaking, the United States was able to preempt and counter Japan’s planned ambush, the U.S. inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy by destroying 4 fleet carriers, 322 air crafts, and over 5,000 sailors. -
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US Office of War Information
-Control the content and imagery of war messages and make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
-Produced radio programs, news reels, asked citizens to contribute time and money, create products, conserve resources, donate, and stirrup distrust to lower enemy and population morals to promote surrender. -
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"Island Hopping"
-Island Hopping was affecting the tide in favor of the allied powers because they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the islands, through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the beginning of ‘Island Hopping’ fought between August 1942 and February 1943, eventually succeeded in forcing Japan to relinquish the island. -
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Victory Corps
-The purpose of this student organization was to prepare high school students to aid in the war effort on homefront lines
-Both girls and boys from White and African American school participated
-Students participate in a physical fitness program and enroll in a war effort class -
Victory Gardens
-As part of the war effort, the government rationed food like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat, and canned goods
-The government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens" -
Higgins Boats
-Higgins boat were a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in WW2. The crafts were design by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operations in swamps or marshes -
Executive Order 9066
-The document ordered the removal of resident enemy from parts of the west
-After bombing Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941 Roosevelt came under increase pressure by military and political. -
Douglas MacAuthor
-American 5 Star General and field Marshal of the Philippine Army
-MacAuthor was Chief of Staff during WW2
-Led the US Army in "Island Hopping" in the South West Pacific Campaign -
Isoroku Yamamato
-Japanese Marshal Admiral commander in chief of the combined fleet
-Played a vital role (executed the surprise attack) in Pearl Harbor which made Japan victorious. -
Chester W. Nimitz
-Was leading the US Army authority on submarines
-He was the US' last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet Admiral
-Admiral Chester was appointed Commander in Chief of the US Pacific fleet just after Pearl Harbor
-He commanded US forces at the Battle of Midway
-This battle halted the Japanese advance in the Pacific -
Bernard Montgomery
-Senior British Army Officer in the African&European war
-Commanded the British 8th Army & 21st Army during the Euro Campaign
-Was over all British Troops on June 6 1944 "D-Day" -
Erwin Rommel
-Field Marshal
-German's most popular generals during WW2.
-On "D-Day" he discussed with other officers about surrendering
-Due to his ties to the plot to overthrow Hitler he was murdered -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the US Army
-He was in service in North America and Western Europe during WW2
-He then became general of the 1st American Army to land in France -
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Invasion of Normandy(D-Day)
-D-Day affected the war tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitlers dream of Nazi domination. D-day was the largest air, land, and sea operation undertaken. The landing included over 5,000 ships, 11,000 airplanes, and over 150,000 service men. By the end the Allies had reached the Seine River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from northwestern France, effectively concluding the Battle of Normandy. -
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Liberation of concentration camps
-The liberation of the camps pushed towards the victory for the allies because they were slowly starting to shut down Hitler's operation of the Nazi takeover. The Soviet were the first forces to reach a concentration camp, Majdanek near Lublin, Poland. Due to the rapid Soviet advance, the Germans had burned the camp but the gas chambers were left standing. The Soviets also overran the sites of the Belzec, Sobibor,Treblinka, and the Soviets liberated Auschwitz, the largest concentration camp. -
Korematsu vs US
-Fred Korematsu a Japanese US citizen refused to leave his home in San Leandro, CA
-Court decided the nations security concern out weighed the constitutions promise of equal rights
-The Executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien and non-alien from the US
-50 years later it was over turned by congress and an apology was given. -
Potsdam Conference
-Participants were the USSR the US and the UK
-The powers were represented by communist party Joseph Stalin, Prime minister Winston Churchill, and President Harry Truman
-Gathered to decide how to punish Germany
-on July 25 Truman Churchill Chiang Kai Shek issued the position declaration which outlined the terms of surrender of Japan
-broke Germany into 3 different parts -
Nuclear Weapon
-President Harry Truman decided to use the Atomic Bomb against Japan. After bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August Japan surrendered WW2, in which over 70 million people died when it was over -
The US & European Countries (WW2 End Results)
-In the US the war happened after the Great Depression. 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The European countries were left to rebuild and the US lended money to countries, and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990. -
Women and Minority
-While the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories. After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didn't want to give them up. Spuring up the feministic movement. In the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial slurs. Sparking the civil rights movements.