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Original Pledge of Allegiance
-Bellamy had hoped that the pledge would be used by citizens in any country
-the phrase "To the flag of the United States" was added to the pledge of allegiance in 1923 so it could be specific of US
-the phrase "under god" wasn't added to our pledge of allegiance until 1954 in response to threat of communism -
Langston Hughes "the negro speaks of rivers"
-it was a harlem renaissance artists, he wrote the poem to revolve the improtance of roots and the way they provide meaning in life.
-it influenced the value of the afrian race during the rensissance Gra.
-the crisis is the offical magazine (NNACO Nation Asccocation of the advancement of color people founded in 1910 -
Social Darwinism
-haves were rich people or people that had power
-if you were poor or not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or power & they were a have not
-concept behind Social Darwinism was racism ,money , & power
-what social classes owe to each other was a pamphlet by William Graham Summers about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
Henry Ford
-was an engineer early automobile manufacturer - he introduced the assembly line in 1914 increasing production by moving car along a conveyor belt while workers completed their assigned tasks. -
Period: to
Red Score
-Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-many Americans were scared of the communist because the communist have overthrown Russia in 1917 & murdered them
-a series of bomb explosions in 1919, including an attempt on Mitchell Palmer lead to a campaign against the communist
-palmer raids caused a mass arrests palmer violated people's civil rights palmer lead to groups of people searching for communists
-no communist were discovered lives were ruined due to the raids -
Period: to
Transitional Immigration
-most European immigrants came to escape war, & for better economic opportunities
-in the late 1800's to early 1900's the attitude towards immigrants was bad as well as ill mannered
-Marcus Garvey created the back to Africa movement
-"keep America for Americans" was used on a large scale for anti-immigrants -
Henry Ford
-when manufacturers first adopted thier assembly line to thier production processs, they often acheieve dramatic gains in productivity.
-Fored was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a price of less than $300 per car
-the growth in automobile ownership, from 8 to 24 million greatly affected all aspects of american life
-ford payed his workers $5 an hour so they could afford they model T they built -
Period: to
stock market crash
this time period is marketed by optimism celebration , experimention and social change, but also fear of external influnces and a loss of "American culture" -
UNIA
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-the members pledged themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race & to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the brotherhood of man & the fatherhood of god
-north & the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement
-he went to Jamaica & was kicked out of the US
-he wanted the people to come back to Liberia which was a movement "Back-to-Africa" -
19th Amendent
-on August 18 1920, the 19th amendment to the U.S constitution granted american women the rights to vote , a right known as women suffrage by 1818 the NWSA national women suffrage association) the the collective suffrage movement had gathered enough influence to lobby the U.S congress for a constitutional amendment this has allowed woman to have the right to vote to this day -
Emergency Quota Act
-cause # of immigrants had grown almost 600% ranging 141,000 - 805,000 people after WW1
Terms: established max # of people who could enter the united states "cut European immigration"
How its positive : allows immigrants that are already livgin in the U.S. have a secure job
Groups like the "kkk" strongly supported the EQA and national origins formula to reduce the # of formula coming to the U.S -
Emergency Quota Act
-restricted immigration into the US
-the reason for passing the at was that the flood of immigrants in recent years had negative wage effects on native ban Americans
-following the WW1, both Europe & the US were suffering economic & social upheaval
-the Russian revolution & the dissolution of both Austria-Hungarian empire & Ottoman empire led to grated immigration to the US -
National orgins act
purpose established of a quota system limited immigration from southern and eastern europe also established a quota to determine how many immgrants could enter the US, all asians were excluded from immigration
-emergency quota that limited immigrantion from any country to 3% this act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 persons between 1920-1922 -
Scopes Trial - Monkey Trial
-as an american legal case in 1925 in which a teacher from tenessee violtaed the butler act which taught about evolution
-this made unlawful to teach human evolution in any state funded school
-william jennings was a prosecutor , the attorney who defeneded scoped was convicted for teaching evolution his $1,000 fine was set aside
-the town first made the fine to collect money due to great depression -
Charles Lindbergh
nicknamed slim, lucky lindy , and the lone eagle was an american aviator, author , inventor and social activst -
First Solo Transatlantic Flight
-Charles Lindbergh was the pilot
-the plane was the spirit of St. Louis
-starts of this fight was Roosevelt filed NY to land at La Bourget Airport near Paris
-he changed public opinion on the value of air travel & laid the foundation for the future development of aviation -
Facts Waller
-its Jazz music
-it created spefcically as a theme song for the Razaf/waller/brook off broadway muscial comedy and radio show
-aint misbehaving recording of 1929 were hits in the ASCAP ranking for that year
-his radio show was in everybody's living room black, white he used his radio show to infuence the black and white -
Father of Naval Aviation
-Glen H curtiss designed a sea plane that could take off and land on water
-3years later he flew his "hydroplane" in San Diego Bay landing on a naval ship, this caused U.S navy to bay its first aircraft
-curtis deveopled a larger "flying boat"
-then he helped the U.S navy create aircraft carriers