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PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
it was written by Francis Bellamy
it was changed since 1892-1954 before they agreed on it
it was changed so immigrants would not confuse loyalties between birth country & the U.S.
in 1923 they added "the flag of United States", a year later "of America" was added
in June 14, 1954 added "under God" by the joint Resolution of Congress
from 1954 till this day, we the people pf the U.S. pledge of allegiance of the last changed since 1954 -
FATHER OF THE NAVAL AVIATION
Glenn Curtis was the 1st to drive a plane with an engine in 1902
in 1908 he designed a sea plane that could land on water
landed his "hydroplane" in a naval aviation
convinced the secretary of the navy to buy the 1st aircraft
in 1912 -
SOCIAL DAWINISM
houses were rich people or people who has power
if you were poor or not educated then it meant that they don't deserve to have money or power and they were a have not
concept behind social dawinism was racism, money and power
what social classes owe to each other was pamphlet by William G. Sumner about social problems created in 1883-1903 -
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RED SCARE
xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
many Americans were scared of the communist because the communist had overthrown Russia in 1917 and murdered them
a series of bombs explosions in 1919 including an attempt on Mitchell Palmer, lead to a campaign against the communists
Palmer raids caused mass arrests. Palmer violated people's civil rights Palmer lead groups of people searching for communists
no communist were discovered, lives were ruined due to the raids -
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HARLEM RENAISSANCE
the Harlem Renaissance was the rise of power of African-Americans gaining civil rights
the Harlem Renaissance was also known as the "New negro movement"
contributing factors leading to the Harlem Renaissance were the great migration of African-Americans to northern cities had created new industrial work opportunity for tens of thousands of people over 2 mil African-Americans moved to the north to escape share cropping, tenant farming & deep racism they failed -
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TRANSCONTINENTAL IMMIGRANTS
after the war, the need for unskilled labor went down, the U.S. set up a quota system in order to limit immigration
the immigrants who were already being discrimination of were forced to be Americanized
it affected their plans to go back to their country b/c of not being able to return
new business activity centered in cities which caused many people to move
new banks throughout the country helped finance economic growth by making loans to business -
HENRY FORD
when manufacture first adopted their assembly line to their production process, they often achieved dramatic gains in productivity
Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a pace of less than $300 per car
the growth in automobile ownership, from 8 to 24 million, greatly affected all aspects of American life
Ford payed his workers $5 an hour, so they could afored the model T they built -
19TH AMENDMENT
women around the country had been fighting for the right to vote for over 300 years
women started voting in governmental elections and becoming involved in the political system -
U.N.I.A.
Marcus Mosiah Garvey
the members pledge themselves to do all their power to conserve the right of their noble race and to respect the right of all mankind believing always in the fatherhood of god
north and the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement
(United Negro Improvement Association) -
DUKE OF ELLINGTON
duke Ellington was influenced to the harlem renaissance he was in fact a musician jazz music also swing music
Ellington was known for being a American composer, pianist, and band leader of jazz orchestra
he influenced both black and white people with his music because music doesn't have a race (cotton club) was were duke played it was a club for African American music but only white people were allowed -
LANGSTON HUGHES
poet & writer
best known for his work during the harlem renaissance
poet: activity, novels, play writing "the crisis" is the official publication of the NAACP national association for the advancement of colored people
negro speaks of rivers claims rivers as "ancient as the world" older than the blood that flows in our veins -
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NATIVISM
a dislike of foreigner's
the red scare which had anarchists bombings
the Sacco & Vanzetti case
migration of African Americans from south to northern cities increased racial tensions with KKK
during red scare anarchists targeted judges, politicians, law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robbery & KKK targeted African Americans doing lynchings and new foreigners using the emergency quota act to scare others -
EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT
it limited the number of immigrants entering the U.S. in any one year to 30% of each nationality group in 1910
from 1919-1921 then number of immigrants had grown almost 600% congress in response to natives pressure decided to limit immigrants from certain countries including japan
positive thing about it was there was more jobs for the americans -
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NATIONAL ORIGINS FORMULA
restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population
it aimed to reduce the overall number of unskilled immigrants & to prevent immigration from changing the ethic distribution of the population
it discriminated against southern & eastern Europeans
the gov. only allowed 2% of the population into the nation
the Asian exclusion act was moded which banned Asians completely out
the act caused immigration to drop by almost 500k people b/w 1920-1922 -
SCOPES "MONEY TRAIL"
high school teachers accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee stat law
the butler act did not allow the teaching of any theory that denied the biblical story of creation
hundreds of reporters from all over the country, first trial broadcast on the radio
he was found guilty, had to pay a fin of $100, but the verdict was thrown out on a technicality
all mention of evolution was removed from textbooks in Tennessee, till the butler act was removed in 1969 -
FIRST SOLO TRANSATLANTIC FLIGHT
the pilot named Charles Lindbergh, his plane was called the spirit of St. Louis
he flew the Roosevelt Field in long Island,NY,U.S. to Paris,France
100,000 people came to see him after he landed in Paris,France & when he came back to the U.S. there were 4,000,000 people who came to see him
after Charles Lindbergh's flight, the public's opinion changed on planes & flying itself. instead of being terrified anymore they wanted to learn to fly themselves -
FATS WALLER
originated from African communities of New Orleans in the US during the late 19th & 20th century
"ain't misbehaving" song was written while "lodging" in alimony prison and that is why he was not "misbehaving"
began a new radio program called "Rhythm club"
two Hollywood films "hooray for love!" and "king of burlesque" -
EUGENICS
eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population
the government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national heredity by commission that was changed to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to "encourage" the increase of families of good blood and (discourage) the viscous elements in the cross-bred American civilization
Hitler believed that the aryan people which came from eugenics were destined to rule the world