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Original Pledge of Allegiance
-Bellamy had hoped that the pledge would be used by citizens in any country
-The phrase "To the flag of the United States of America" was added to the pledge of allegiance in 1923 so it could be specific of US
-The phrase "under god" wasn't added to our pledge of allegiance until 1954 in response to threat of Communism -
Social Darwinism
-Haves were rich people, or people that had power
-If you were poor or not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or power and they were a have not
-Concept behind Social Darwinism was racism, money, and power
-What social classes owe to each other was a pamphlet by William Graham Summers about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
Henry Ford
-Was an engineer early automobile manufacturer
-He introduced the assembly line in 1914, increasing production by moving cars along a conveyor belt while workers completed their assigned tasks.
-Paid workers $5/h (highest paid) work only 5 day than 6 day work week. -
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Red Scare
-Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-Many Americans were scared of the communist because the communist have overthrown Russia in 1917 and murdered them
-A series of bomb explosions in 1919, including an attempt on Mitchell Palmer, lead to a campaign against the communist
-Palmer raids caused a mass arrests. Palmer violated people's civil rights Palmer lead groups of people searching for communists.
-No communist were discovered, lives were ruined due to the raids. -
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Harlem Renaissance
-The Great Migration led to the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970.
-The Jim Crow laws lead to a mass migration from the South to places like New York, and Chicago, because the African Americans wanted to get away from the Jim Crow laws and the racism in the South.
-Mass migration of African Americans from the South during World War I, which had helped fill New York’s industrial needs. -
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Transitional Immigration
-Most European immigrants came to escape war, and for better economic opportunities
-In the late 1800's to early 1900's the attitude towards immigrants was bad as well as ill mannered
-Marcus Garvey created the back to Africa movement
-"Keep America for Americans" was used on a large scale for anti-immigrants -
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The Roaring Twenties
This time period is marked by optimism. celebration, experimentation and social change, but also fear of external influences and a loss of 'American culture'. -
19th Amendment
-On August 18,1920, the 19th Amendment to the US constitution granted American women the right to vote, A right known as women suffrage.By 1878 the NWSA and the collective suffrage movement had gathered enough influence to lobby the US congress for a constitutional Amendment. This has allowed women to have the right to vote to this day. -
UNIA
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-The members pledged themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of god.
-North and the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement
-He went to Jamaica and was kicked out of the US
-He wanted the people to come back to Liberia which was a movement "Back-to-Africa" -
Emergency Quota Act
-Restricted immigration into the US
-The reason for passing the act was that the flood of immigrants in recent years had negative wage effects on Native ban Americans
-Following the WW1, both Europe and US were suffering economic and social upheaval
-The Russian Revolution and the dissolution of both Austria-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Empire led to greated immigration to the US -
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National Origins Formula
-Restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population. It was aimed to reduce the overall number of unskilled immigrants, and to prevent immigration from changing the ethnic distribution of the population. It discriminated against Southern and Eastern Europeans. The government only allowed 2% exclusion act was modified which banned Asians completely out.
-The act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 people between 1920 and 1922 -
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Teapot Dome Scandal
-1920's involved nation security, big oil companies and corruption of US and selling military land
-events led decades before government and US navy officials, new global presence
-Albert B. Fall served as secretary of the interior in president Warren G. Harding's Cabinet
-Scandal left a lasting stain on president reputation. -
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Nativism in the 20's
-A dislike of foreign's
-The Red Scare which had anarchist bombings The Sacco & Vanzetti Case
-Migration of African Americans from South to Northern cities increased racial tensions with the KKK
-During Red Scare anarchist targeted judges, politicians, law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robbery and KKK targeted African Americans doing lynchings and new foreigners using the Emergency Quota Act to scare others -
First Solo Transattantic Flight
-Name of the pilot was Charles Lindberg
-Name of the plane was the spirit of St. Louis
-Start of this flight was Roosevelt field NY to land at La Bourget Airport near Paris
-He changed public opinion on the value of air travel and laid the foundation for the future development of aviation -
"Fats" Waller
-Influenced the area of music, being Jazz music, originated from African American communities or New Orleans, in the US during 14-20th century. Jazz music allows an individual to express themselves on their instruments
-Aint Misbehavin is a musical revue tribute to black musicians of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920's and 30's
-Influenced both white's and black people. Influenced the area of creativity, cultural awareness, and ethnic pride.
-Written by Thomas Fats Waller in August 1929 -
Monkey Trial
-John Scopes a biology teacher was arrested for teaching his class about the theory of evolution
-People involved in the case William Jennings Bryan, John Scopes, Clarence Darrow
-Scopes monkey trial ends with guilty verdict 1925 John scopes a high school teacher and part time football coach