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henery cabot lodge
-helped write the sherman anti-trust
-in the senate he advocated military strength as the best topic for peace for imperialism -conservative republican u.s senator 1893-1924 -
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Presidency of Stanford B Dole
-the u.s navy use Hawaii as a gas station
-he helped overthrow the queen of Hawaii and shortly afterwards he had gotten elected for president of Hawaii which led to the annexation of Hawaii to the US
-He was born in Hawaii, and his family developed the pineapple company -
USS maine
-in 1898 USS Maine was sent to Havana to protect us interest during a Cuban revolt against Spain although the explosion remains unknown, the Hearst & Pulitzer new spacebranned the spians from sabotage
-the sinking of Maine set off a fire storm making the people protest in the U.s -
Expanding world power
-In this time period , America changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force , both economically and militarily -
Spanish-American War
-was a conflict between the U.S and Spain
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the U.S and a chance for the U.S to be an empire
-it was in the Western Pacific and Latin America like the Philippians, Samoa , Guam, Wake Island, and Cuba
-congress support a modernization program that would make american navy effective -
Theodore Roosevelt
-he was a rough riders because he left post as secretary to become colonel of the first volunteer calvary
-Roosevelt charges up San Juan hill on his horse while the rough riders followed on foot and he became a hero -
open door policy
-cause they wanted to build an empire
-U.S did not have a sphere or influence of economic activities
-protect american businessmen and inventors that American would shut out of china by the European powers
-U.S participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china
-promote american foreign policy goals.
-took place in Caribbean region -
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panama canal
-built to shorten distance ships had to pass b/w Atlantic and Pacific oceans
-transport cargo quicker.
-U.S made new country (panama) by negotiating with Panamanian rebels and over thrown Colombian gov.
-construction of the canal cost thousands of lives and $400 millions -
Roosevelt Corollary
-was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
-said the U.S had the right to exercise military force in Latin american countries to keep Europeans act
-lead the U.S into conflict with the Caribbean and central america
-was an important part of American imperialism -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-promote american foreign policy golds INTENDED ADV.
-make american more money
-took place in Caribbean region
-U.S bankers loaned money to Latin american countries if they couldn't reply loans U.S mains were sent in to assure repayment by force -
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Weapons of Total war 1914-1918
Airplanes: 1914
purpose-started Reconnaissance
cause-didn't have a way to bomb they used tanks but they where to slow
effect-introduced Ariel bombing and attacking troops on the ground from the air
Poison Gas July 1917
Purpose-Fatally injured victims
-used to attack large armies
Cause-Germany wanted to stay ahead in terms of gas warfare
effects-about 99,000 soldiers were killed
-remained in soil for weeks making capture of infended trenches dangerous -
sinking of the Lusitania
-occurred during the first world war, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the U.K
-killed 1,198
-contributed to the American entry into WW1 -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex pledge was a promise mad in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the U.S prior to the latter's entry into the war. Early 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning -
Zimmerman Telegram
-Internal diplomat communication issued from the German foreign office that proposed a military alliance between Germany & Mexico in the event of the U.S entering WW1 against Germany
-Helped generate support for the U.S declaration of war an Germany in April -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-was first introduced in ww1 when Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone, in which all merchant ships, including those from neutral countries would be attacked by the Germany Navy which led to the U.S into war.
-submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers w/o warning -
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American Expeditory Force
-nicknamed AEF
-consisted of the US army to Europe under the command of general John J. pershing in 1917 to help fight in WW1
-Total of 1.3 million soldiers arrived in France
-AEF fought in France alongside French and british forces against German forces in the last year of the war
-The men in the AEF army nicknamed DOUGHBOYS because of the white belts they wore -
the Fourteen Point Plan
-president Woodraw wilson was the author of the Fourteen Points
-It was a statement of principles for world peace negations in order to end WW1
-Europeans welcomed France, Italy and the United Kingdom rejected the plan
-He was awarded a Nobel peace prize in 1919 for his peace making efforts. -
U.S soldier Alvin York
-In 1918, United States corporal Alvin C York reportedly kills over 20 German Soldiers and captures an additional 32 at the head of a small detachment in the Argonne forest near the Meuse river in France
-several other Americans soldiers followed York's lead
-He was given credit for killing more than 20 German soldiers promoted to the rank of sergeant -
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Battle of Argonne Forest
-the battle of the Argonne forest was major part of the final allied offensive of WW1
-was fought from September 26,1918 until the armistice of November 11, 1918 total of 47 days
-The battle cost 28,000 German lives area and 26,277 ameneans lives making in the largest and bloodiest operation of WW1 -
Supreme Court
-issue: The first amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-congress passed a law called the Espionage Act which said that during wartime obstructed the draft was crime.
-The court ruled that there is limits to free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "fire" i a crowded theater and causing panic the first Amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger" -
Treaty of Versailles
-the treaty's terms was Germany ti take the blame , Germany had to give up land to France , and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparations , and the German army was limited to 10,000 men.
The league of nations was created
-The U.S saw this treaty as an unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points.
-The U.S was offered to join the League but turned it down because of foreign affairs , so the U.S went into isolation until the Stock Market Crash. -
League of nations
-The treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors
-The U.S congress denied president Wilson's 14 points along with the league of nations
-The league was severely weaken when several major powers such as the U.S and Russia failed to join it -
league of nations
-intergovernmental organization as a result of the paris peace conference
-purpose was to maintain world peace
-weakness lacked there own armed forces they depended on the great powers but they were reluctant to help
-the league severely weakened when several major powers such as the U.S and Russia failed to join it
-league proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league -
Weapons Of Total War 1914-1918
Tanks 1914
Purpose-The development of tanks was a response to stalemate of trench warfare
effect-it did a great deal to end horrors of trench warfare and canned food 1918
Purpose-Canned food in particular was cheap source of substance and it was relatively easy to mass produce and deliver to soldiers