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Alfede Thayer Mahan
-Theodore Roosevelt was one of Mahan's followers
- This book he wrote the influence of sea power upon history
-Argued to achieve world power a country headed power navy
-Naval bases to provide fueling solutions -
Stanford N. Dole
*His relation w/ U.S -Him & His family made the Dole Pineapple Company
*Effect-played a prominent & Active Role in the overthrown of Queen Liliuokalani (Queen OF HAWAII)Gov 1900-1903
*Connections - family had pineapple plantions ,led the provisional Gov. While it worked out plans for the U.S to annex the Island during Spanish American War -
Henry Cabot Londge
-help write the Sherman Anti Trust Act
In the senate he advocated military strength as the best tactic for peace for imperialism
Conservative Republican U.S Senator from 1893-1924
Imperialism- policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force -
The Spanish American War
Cause=U.S wanted to become a Empire, U.S Intervention for the Cuban patriots against Spain from 1870s to 1898
Location of War = Manila Bay in the Philippines On May 1 , 1898 , Cervera led the Spanish to Santiago July 3+tried to escape the Spanish War , mad U.S. A world power U.S. Military After War= made its navy Stronger,because they thought a strong nave was essential to defend trade and grow international interest -
San Juan Hill
- was a decisive battle of the Spanish - american war -the San Juan heights was a North - south running elevation about 2 kilometers east of Santiago De Cuba
- Rough riders were ordered to engage 760 Spanish Soldiers defending the San Juan heights.The battle that mode T.R famous was actually fought on Kettle Hill
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Panama Canal
built to shorten distance ships had to pass b/w Atlantic and Pacific oceans U.S made a new country (PANAMA) by negotiating with Panamanian rebels and over thrown Colombian GOV
Construction of the canal cost thousands of live and $460 million -
Open Door Policy
-John Hays sent all the imperial countries a letter called the open door note, which urged them to announce that in their spheres of influence
- They would respect Chinese right & the idea of fair competition
- The purpose was to give all nations equal rights when trading w/ China, so other Euro nations wouldn't use the boxer rebellion to take over China....was aimed to enhance global trade & promote China welfare and Sovereignty -
Roosevelt Corollary
*Change/stated purpose - to change
Monroe doctrine to keep European nations out of Latin America proverb, based his Latin American policy on a that said SPEAKE SOFTLY & CARRY A BIG STICK " force the U.S to exercise of an international policy power
**Actually did - U.S would now use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America -
Dollar Diplomacy
Make America more money
took plce in cribbean region U>S bankers Loaned money to latn American countries if they wouldn't repay loans U.S Marines were sent in to assure repayment by force -
Weapons of war 3
Purpose Started reconnaissance , cause = didn't hae a way to bomb they ussd tanks but they were too slow
effect= introduced Ariel bombing and attacking troops on the from ground the air poison gas July 1917 purpose= fatally injured victim , used to attack large armies , cause = Germany wanted to stay ahead in terms of gas warfare
effects = about 79,00 soldiers were being killed remained soil for weeks -
Sinking Of The Lusitania
The sinking of the Cunard Oven Liner RMS Lusitania occurred on Friday May 7th,1915 during the First world war as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the British Royal Navy blockaded Germany -
Sussex Pledged
Promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the U.S the Sussex a French cross - channel passenger ferry was torpedoed torpedoed w/o warning on March 24, 1916 - about 50 lives were taken -
Zimmerman Telegram *********Test
The Zimmerman Telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issues from the Germany foreign office in January 1917 a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event or the United States entering World War 1 Against Germany -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
- Was first introduced in WW1 when Germany declared the area around the British isles a war zone, in which all merchant ships, including those from neutral countries would be attacked by the German navy which led to the U.S into war -submarine sink vessels such as freighter and tankers w/o warning
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American Expeditionary force
Nicknamed AEF
consisted of the U.S army sent to Europe under the command of general john J. Pershing 1917 to help fight in WW1
totalof1.3 million soldiers arrived in France AEF AEF fought in France alongside French and British forces against German forces in thelast year of the war
The men in the AEF army were nicknamed Dough boys because of the white belts they wore -
The Fourteen Point Plan
The 14th points were distributed by the government writing for George Creal in the American Committee
Alliance Accepted the fourteen points as the country peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
Espionage Act
A set of amendments which prohibited many form of speech including any disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language, about the form of gov. Of the U.S or the Flag of the U.S maximum fine of 10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 20 years or both. -
Battle Of Argonne Forest
Assembled 600,00 soldier's
They fought through Hilly, Terrain Shattered the German Defense
Beginning of the end of the war 117,000 were wounded or killed -
Alvin York
Lead an attack on the German machine gun nest, was one of most decorated soldier's of the United States Army in WW1
Received the Medal of Honor, He Killed 25 German and captured 132 prisoners -
Schenck vs. U.S
Chsrles Schenck was Convicted for distributions literature that encouraged men to resist the draft in WW1
Schenck claims 1 st amendment was violated
court ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like "clear and present danger=shouting 'fire'in a crowded movie theather which is not proted by the 1 st amendment -
League of Nations
Intergovernmental organization as a result of the Paris peace Conference
Purpose was to maintain World Peace weakness-lacked there own armed forces they depended on the great powers, but they wee reluctant to help
the league severely weakened when several major powers, such as the U.S and Russia , failed to join it -League proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers 7 countries started withdrawing from the league -
Weapons of total war part B
Canned food - feed soldiers during war , made possible thanks to the creation of tinned cans the food didn't spoil for the man in the trenches poison gas- during warfare poison gases based on mustard wereused in WW1 but later prohibited by the Geneeve protocol of 1925 ,later also by thr chemical weapons convention of 1993 thanks- designed front line combat , was also used as shield from heavy machinery powerairplane -1st used as a reconnaissance plane for the front line later equipped -
USS Maine
In 1898, USS Maine was sent to Havana to protect U.S interests during a Cuban revolt Against Spain
Although the explosion remains unknown The " Hearst & Pulitzer " Newspaper blamed the Spain for Sabotage " Yellow Journalism the sinking of Maine set set off a fire storm making the people protest in the U.S . -
World War 1
Centeal powrs; Austria , Hungary, German Empire, Ottoman Empire , KiNgdom of Bulgaria , Bosnia, Italy & United States
Triple entente : France , Russia ,great Britain & Japan