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Henry Cabot Lodge
He served as U.S. senate
he wanted a stronger navy and increase the U.S empire
Imperialism- a policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Mahan was commission in the U.S navy in 1859
Mahan spent the next two years making his career in the sea service
published book 1660-1783 which focused on advancing state power
The sea brought immigrants to the shores of the new nations and served as a base for outward trade
Mahan book expanding westwinds assimilating half of north american continent into its political union -
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Timespan (Theodore Roosevelt)
Roosevelt was elected governor of N.Y until the 1900 but became popular with representatives party the elected VP under Presidnet Mckinely
Sept. 14, Theodore became the 26th president because president Mckinely was assassinated
Established pelican island florida as fed bird reserve and signs treaty with panamal for building of panama canal and helped established yosesmite park and national park -
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Sanford B. Dole
Dole was a lawyer who led the provisional government while it worked out plans for the united states to annex the islands
When president Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because of the planters actions in seizing power, Dole served as Hawaii's president
After the outbreak of the spanish american war congress thenvoted to annex Hawaii in 1898
Dole served as governor of Hawaii from 1900 to 1903
Dole pineapple company was named after him -
USS maine
In January 1898, Maine was sent to Cuba to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban war of independence
February 15, the Maine exploded in Havana Harbor killing 266 men
Leaded to the Spanish american war
Yellow journalism swept the nation and its a propaganda helped to precipiate military actions by the U.S. -
Theodore Roosevelt
He was a rough rider because he left post as naval secretary become colonel of the first volunteer calvary
Roosevelt charges up San Juan hill on his horse while the rough riders followed on foot and he became a hero -
Open Door Policy
John Hays sent all the imperial countries a letter called the open door note, which urged them to announce that in their spheres of influence
They would respect chinese rights & the idea of the competion
The purpose was to give all the nations equal rights when trading w/ chine so other euro nations wouldnt use the boxer rebellion to take over china
Was aimed to enhanced global tade & promote chinas welafre & sovereighnty -
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Panama Canal
President Roosevelt oversaw realization of a long term us goals trans-isthmian canal
Through the 1800's, america and British leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coast
International trade influenced the political situation in order to build the canal -
Roosevelt Corollary
Was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
Said the US had the right to exercise military forces in Latin American countries to keep Europeans out
Led the US into conflict with the Caribean and Central America
Was an important part of American imperialism -
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Dollar diplomacy
Was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote america commerical interests
To improve financial opportunites to use private Capital further US interest overseas
Taft administration concentrated in assisting American Businessmen in protection and expansion of investment and trade especially in Latin American and for east In Latin America countries did not pay their debt the US gov. sent marines to collect -
world war 1
Leading by mid august to the outbreak of ww1 which pitted Germany Austria Hungary and the ottoman empire against Great Britian France Russia and Japan
Militarism
alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism-was occuring is Europe which led to the beginning of WW1
By the time WW1 ended in the defeat of central powers in November 1918 more than 9 million soldiers had killed
Burt the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the spark that started ww1 -
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Weapons of total war
TANKS
Purpose/cause
The development of tanks was a response to the statement that trench warfare
Effect
It did a great deal to end to end the horrors trench warfare and brought back some mobility of the western from
CANNED FOOD
Purpose/Cause
Canned food in particular was a cheap source of sustenance and it was relatively easy to mass produce and deliver to soldiers
Effect
Became more widespread because it was cheap and more people became accustomed to eating packaged food -
Period: to
Weapons of total war part 3
Airplanes
Purpose- Started reconnaissance
Cause- Didnt have a way to bomb they used tanks but they were too slow
Effect-Introduced ariel bombing and attacking troops on the ground from the air
Poison Gas
Purpose- Fatally injured victims
used to attack large armies
Cause- Germany wanted to stay ahead in terms of gas warfare
Effect- About 79000 soldiers were killed
Remained in the soil for weeks making capture of infected trenches dangerous -
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Weapons of total war
The use of unrestricted warfare was to have major impact on WW1 as it was on the main reasons why america joined the war
Naval or water mines are self contained explosive devices placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines
Landmines are self contained explosive devices concealed under the Earth -
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Weapons of total war part 2
Machine Gun
Fully automatic mounted or portable firearm, design to fire bullets in a quick in a quick sucession from an ammunition belt
Developed for rapid fire
One of the most deadliest and devastating weapons
Trench Warfare
method of fighting where opposing armies fought from and defending their territories suing a system of dug out trenches
To construct a thought out system that underwent constant revision
Protected men from machine guns -
Sinking of the Lusitania
Occured during the first world war, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the UK
killed 1,193
Contributed to the american entry into WW1 -
Zimmerman Telegram
Internal diplomate communication issued from the German foreign office proposed a military alliance between Germany & Mexico in the event of the U.S. entering WW1 against Germany
Helped generate support for the U.S. declaration of the war an Germany in April -
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American Expeditionary force
The AEF consisted of the us armed forces sent to Europe under the command John J Pershing in 1917 to help fight ww1
14000 US soldiers had armed in France and the AEF had only a minor participation
Nickname doughboys because of the white belts they wore
Pershing believe in a combat and felt the 3 years of trench warfare made allies too defensive. american forced to stop German advance -
Espionage act of 1917
It was intended to prohibit interference with military operations of recruitment
The penalty if convicted was 20 years of imprisonment and fines up to 10000
in 1919 the supreme court of the United States unanimously ruled through Schenck V. united states that the act did not violate the freedom of speech of those convicted under its provisions -
The Fourteen Point Plan
President Woodrow Wilson was the author of the Fourteen Points
It was a statement of principals for world peace negotiations in order to end WW1
Europeans welcomed the plan but congress and Wilsons colleagues in France Italy and the United Kingdom rejected the plan
He was awarded a nobel peace prize in 1919 for his peace making efforts -
U.S. Soldier Alvin York
In 1918 Untied States corporal Alvin C. York reportedly killed over 20 German soldiers and captures an addition 132 at the head of a small detachment in the Aragonne Forest near the Meuse river in France
Several other American Soldiers followed Yorks lead
He was given credit for killing more than 20 German soldiers promoted to the rank sergant -
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Battle of Aragonne Forest
The battle of the Aragonne forest was a major part of the final allied offensive of WW1
Was fought from September 26, 1918 until the armistice of November 11, 1918 a total of 47 days
The battle cost 28000 German lives and 26277 american lives making in the largest and bloodiest operations of WW1 -
Treaty of Versailles
It was the Preace Treaty at the end of WW1
It ended the state of war between Germany and the allied powers
The surrender of German colonies of nations amndates
but wasnt signed by the US
The provision caused German expansion economic downfall and hyperinflation and vulnerability of the German people and led to the election of Hitler and the Facist party -
Supreme Court of the Schenck V. U.S
U.S. Supreme court ruled on march 3, 1919
Schenk responded that the Espinage act violated the First Amendment of the Constitution which forbids congress from making any law abridging the freedom of speech
"Clear and present danger" test to determine when a state could constitutionally limiton individuals free speech under the first amendment -
League of nations
Intergovernmenal organization as a result of the Paris of Peace
Purpose was to maintain world peace
Weakness lacked their own armed forces the depended on the great powers, but they were relutent to help
The league severly weakened when several major powers, such as the U.S. and Russia, failed to join
league proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league