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Age of steamboat
-north river steam boats was built by charles brown, completed in 1807
-it dominate trade through out the US
-steamboat where able to go large distances so ppl could travel further into the US
-steamboat were strong for 100 years -
New Migration
-Irish; religious freedom
-economic condition
-German religious back ground difficulties political differences
-Chinese need work
-gold rush
-most migrants lived mostly by the west coast -
Period: to
New Immagration
-most immigration groups that came to america from northern & western Europe
-this was mainly because democracy and religious prociqution to their country
-Chicago, st,louis, new york and the great plains were cities and regions to immigrants would travel to
-these immigrants would work in railroads and customary form jobs -
Morse Code
-the first working telegraph produced in 1844
-developed in 1830's by Samuel mores
-led to the invention of telephone , fax,machine, internet, and iphones
-helped to communicate quicker, recieve and send important messages
-been built railway systems, soon spread to mass communications, then installed ion post offices -
Period: to
Cattle drive era
-cattle drive started in Texas ended in the mid-west (Kansas or nabraska) @ the RR lines
-more beef was needed in the east coast due to the growing population in big cities like Chicago + NY
-New technology ended the cattle drive -
Homestead Act
-homestead act designed to grant public land in west for agriculture
-native Americans populations diminish with west settlement
-signed by pres. Lincoln -
Transcontinental Railroad In the US
-the transcontinental railroad united the nations
-farmers were able to ship goods and crops
-cattle drive didn't drive the cattle as far to ship them off to the east coast.
-The railroad also gave people a way to travel. -
William M Tweed
-They used dishonest politicians to gain control of new York city
-support neighborhood of new immigrants by giving them help & jobs
-Immigrants ion return with votes just how boss tweed wanted
-controlled democratic party in NY -
Period: to
Rise of Labor Unions
-fought for wages + safer working conditions
-it stopped child labor
-gave health benefits + provide aid to workers who injured or retired actions
-Unions rely on strike and boycott against co. sometimes the strikes led to violence
-1st time African Americans were were DE-segregate + allowed to join union -
Nast cartoon about boss tweed
-Boss tweed suspected of stealing millions of $$$ from the city on N.Y Nast used his character to help prosecute boss tweed for fraud before public out range turned against him -
Standard oil company
-founded by john d. Rockefeller with associates
-after making major progess with his company made his own transportation
-once retired inserted in charitable becoming a respected philanthropist invested 300 mil/ to help create the university of Chicago and the ricker feller institute of medical research -
Gilded age and westward expansion
-the gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth especially in the north and west american wages
-especially for skilled workers were much higher then in Europe which attracted millions of immigrants
-railroads were the major industry but the factory system mining and finance increased labor unions became important in industrial areas -
Bessemer steel process
-the removal of importies f/ iron
-the Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, de-creasing cost
-the process made stell 10x stronger than iron
-RR went further building grew high due to strength + low cost of steel -
Hay Market Riot
-low wages dangerous working conditions
-labor protest near Chicago hay market square
-really turned the riot after someone threw a bomb and police
-gov. imposed death sentence on 7 men and 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison & 4 men were hanged -
Chinese exclusionary Act
-the CEA had a ripple effect on US
-in 1902 the ban against the immigration of Chinese labors was made permanent
-at the end of 1888 the scott act made it hard for chinese to travel & return to the US
-the CEA efforts of Chinese immigrants to resist poor treatment & pay by whites it resulted to death of cheap labor
-the chinese were payed less n whites were worried about there jobs cause they were giving less money for cheap labors -
Andrew Carneige
-the Carneige argument about the gospel of wealth is that rich people should be allowed to use their money to helpless 'fit people'
-lie created Bessemer process steel making
-his fortune in the steel industry the most extensive integrated -
Hull House
-to provide higher civic and social life
-located in Chicago, Illinois
- founded by Ellen g. star
-both their leadership made women more politically influenced
-had more power among men -
Period: to
Ellis Island
-some of the group that arrives were southern Europeans
-immigrants had to perform physical and mental hexanes to ensure there admittance
-doctors would check the immigrants for health problems -
Pull man strike
-Causes manufacture of railroad cars
-cute the already low wages of its workers about 25% but did not introduce correspondind reductin interest and other charges happened
-america railroad way union striking
-small group 260,00 joined
-refused to hitch cars
-refused to handle Pullmans car
-result federal injunction
-strikes & violent reaction ruined his rep -
Period: to
Angel island
-is in San Francisco bay, immigrants processed one million asain immigrants
-chinese + japanese immigrants
-requirements many chinese immigrants were forced to prove they had an husband or father + were in good health
-when many chinese got there they were sent to jail b/c his or she country was weak or poor -
Americanization day
-Created to bring together new and old immigrants
-Americans viewed immigrants as a threat to Americans way of life
-Immigrants were worried they wouldn't be accepted as american citizens -
Period: to
Great Migration
-Pull factors to north
-job opportunities
-voting was a right
-push factors from south
-violence of hate
-work to survive/no jobs
-migrating of new job opportunities blacks moved north to escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching, unfair legal system, inequality of education