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Age of The Steamboat
-North River steam boats were built by Charles Browne, completed in 1807
-It dominated trade throughout the U.S. -
Morse Code
-The first working telegraph produced in 1844
-Developed in 1830s and 1840s developed by Samuel Morse
-Helped to Communicate quicker, receive send important messages
-Been built in the railway -
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"Tammy Hall & Boss Tweed"
-They targeted the poor/new immigrated, they offered them jobs & places to live in return for their vote
-They gained power by using dishonest politicians to help steal N.Y. bank accounts
-Tammany Hall's favorite party was the democratic -
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William M. Tweed
-They used dishonest politicians to gain control of N.Y. City
-Supported neighborhoods of new immigrants by giving them help and jobs
-Immigrants in return with votes just how Boss Tweed wanted
-Controlled Democratic party in N.Y. City -
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Cattle Drive Era
-Cattle drives started in Texas ended in the Mid-West (Kansas or Nebraska) at the Rail Road Lines
-More beef was needed in the East Cost due to growing population in big cities like Chicago & N.Y.
-New technology end the cattle drive it was called the Barbe Wire -
Homestead Act
-Homestead Act designed to grant public land in the West for agriculture.
-Native Americans populations diminish with the West settlement
-Signed by President Lincoln -
Chinese Exclusionary Act
-First time American could travel freely from coast to coast
-Markets expended and cheaper distribution
-People moved to the east
-Forced Indians off their land
-Ended long cattle drives
-Farmers had quick access to markets. -
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Rise of Labor Unions
Purpose
-Fought for wages & safer working conditions
-It stopped child labor
-Gave health benefits & provide aid to workers who were injured or retired
Actions
-Unions rely on the strike and boycott against co. sometimes the strikes led to violence
-1st time African Americans were de-segregated & allowed to join unions -
First Transcontinental Railroad " Pacific Railroad"
-The transcontinental RR united the nations
-Farmers were able to ship goods and crops -
John D. Rockefeller "Captains of Industry" (Horizontal Integration)
-The captains dominated the standard oil co.
-Standard began buying out it competitors
-Bought out thousands of acres of the forest to block out the competitors from running their own pipelines
-The men in the league w/J.D.R bought off the people&things to stay on top to make $
-These men were sometimes so ruthless they were given the name "robber barons"
-J.D.R. lowered prices of oil from the co. he took over,his was the cheapest&other companies couldn't compete so they went out of business -
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"Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
-The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth,especially in the North and West.American especially for skilled workers ,were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants.
-Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system,mining, and finance increased.
-Labor unions became important industrial areas.
-"This time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansions, and political corruption. -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of the impurities f/iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, de-ceasing cost
-The process made steel 10x stronger than Iron
-RR went further,building grew high due to strength & low cost of steel -
Hay Market Riot
-Low wages dangerous working conditions
-Labor protest near Chicago's hay market square
-Really turned the riot after someone threw a bomb and police government imposed death sentence on 7 men and 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison and 4 men were hung -
Hull House
-To provide higher civic and social life
-Located in Chicago,Illinois.
-Founded by Ellen G.Starr and Jane Addams
-Both their leadership made women more politically influenced
-Had more power among men -
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Ellis Island
-Some of the groups that arrived were Southern Europeans
-Immigrants had to perform physical and mental hexanes to ensure their admittance
-Doctors would check the immigrants for health problems -
Andrew Carnegie "Captains of Industry"
-Founded his steel company in 1892
-In 1901 sold his company, merged it with other steel companies to make U.S. steel
-Became a philanthropist after selling,donating to public libraries education system&science,spent 1.1 mill. constructing Carnegie Hall
-Wrote "Gospel of Wealth" in 1889 about wealthy should spend their money to help the poor -
Homestead Strike
-Frick sent 300 pinkerton & met 10,000 strikers,a gun fight broke out till the national guard came to stop them
-Carnegie wanted to break the union, Frick began locking the workers out of the plant
-Government supported monopolist because they were being controlled with money -
Pull Man Strike
Causes
-Manufacture of the rail roads cars
-Cut the already low wages of his workers abt. 25%, but did not introduce corresponding reduction interests and other charges.
Happened
-American railroad way union striking
-small group, 260,000 joined
-Refused to hitch cars, refused to handle Pullmans cars Result
-Federal injunction
-Strikes&violent reaction ruined his reputation -
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Angel Island
-Is in San Francisco Bay, immigrants processes one million Asian Immigrants
-Chinese & Japanese immigrants
-Requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove they had a husband or father & were in good health
-Many Chinese when they got there were sen to jail because his or her country was weak and poor -
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Great Migration
Pull factors to North
-Job opportunities
-Voting was a right
Push factors
-Violence of hate
-Work to survive/no jobs.
Migrated for the new job opportunities,Blacks moved to the North to escape from oppressive conditions of the South like lynching, unfair legal system, inequality of education.