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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by?
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick?
- taking a part of the cranium out to get rid of demons ( trephining)
- herbs and plants used as medicine
-
3100 BCE
Medicines used today?
Digitalis- foxglove plant, pill form or injection to treat heart treatments
Quinine- bark of the cinchona tree, controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, prevents malaria
Belladonna and atropine- nightshade plant, relieves muscle spasm, GI pain
Morphine- opium poppy, addictive extremely strong pain kill, “last resort” -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
-
100
Ancient Roman’s
- first organized medical care
- masks
- a room in a house was free for the sick
-
100
Ancient Egyptians
- first people to keep health records
- the priests acted as physicians used leaches to heal skin graphs and restore blood circulation
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Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
- For a period of 1,000 years, medicine was particle only in convents and monasteries
- the church believed that the life and death was in gods hands
-
700
How do they treat disease.
The primary treatment was prayer -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
900
Ancient Greeks
-Medicine was considered an art not just a profession
-determined that illness is caused by nature not spiritually
- Kept research on sicknesses
- Hippocrates- based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology and symptoms of many diseases -
1100
Epidemics
- The bubonic plague( Black Death) killed 60 million people
- smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tubercluosis
-
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Rebirth?
- med schools and universities built for research
- dissection of dissection of the body for study
- development of the printing press and publishing books
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Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tide leading from the ear to the throat (Eustachain tube) -
William Harvey
Described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart -
Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope and found bacteria on your teeth that case tooth decay -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacists
- trading drugs and spices -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Found bifocals
Found that colds could be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
- lectures and labs
- I served patients bed sides and when passed observed the dead body
-
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a vaccination for smallpox -
Rene Leannec
Invented the stethoscope
- made of wood -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
-
Ignacio Semmelweis
- identified the cause of childhood fever( puerperal fever)
- many women died of this sickens after birth
- sicknes cause by not washing hands
-
Florence nightingale
Cared for the sick and injured at war -
Louis Pasteur
- known as the father of microbiology
- discovered tiny microorganisms were everywhere
-
Dmitri Pasteur
Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen under a microscope
-poliomyelitis, rabies, measles, influenza, chickenpox, German measles, Herpes zoster, mumps -
Joseph lister
- fist doctor to use antiseptic durning surgeries
- used carbolic acid on wonders to kill germs that cause infections
-
Ancient Chinese
- first to used primitive acupuncture therapies
-
Ernst von Bergmann
- developed asepsis( sterile conditions, free from all germs)
-
Robert Koch
- discovered Mauney disease- causing organisms
- created the sculpture plate method to identify pathogens and isolate the bacterium that causes tuberculosis
-
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of meds on disease- causing microorganisms
- found the treatment for syphilis -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-rays -
Anesthesia
Early Anastasia used herds, hashish, and alcohol -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life threatening deceases
- considered the most important discovery in the 20th century -
Sigmund Freud
- Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
- he determined that the mind and body work together
- understanding of psychosomatic illness
-
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds(first meds to successfully kill bacteria) -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
- this disease paralyzed people -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine witch is still used today -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA -
Christian Barnard
Preformed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Continues to pioneer in separating Siamese twins
Performing surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
Period: to
21 century
-
Blood stem cells; protein transfer
Lead by Stuart Orkin discovered the first regulatory molecule that stops the proliferation of blood -
Ancient migration
Analyzing more then 300,000 dna sequence variations from native Americans and siberian populations -
Zika vaccine candidate
Virologists at Beth Israel Deaconess find two candidate vaccines that provide complete protection from the Zika virus in animal models, suggesting a vaccine for humans may be feasible. -
Unlocking the blood- brain barrier
HMS department of neurobiology researchers provide the first molecular explanation for how the blood- brain barrier remains closed -
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Covid 19 vaccine
- Dan Barouch and William Bosworth