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Period: to
Battle of the Bulge
major German offensive, trying to have one last effort to regain control of war, allies surprised by attack → Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg on the Western Front → Allies Victory → US: 89,500 casualties → UK: 1,408 casualties → German 67,000-100,000 casualties → Civilians: 3,000
Significance: Seen as Hitler’s last major offensive -
Period: to
Operation Nordwind
last major German offensive on Western Front (Alsace/Lorraine, France) → Allied Victory → goal of offensive was to break through lines of US Army and France Army and destroy them → US: approximately 29,000 deaths → France: 2,000 deaths → Germany: 23,000 deaths
Significance: seen as one of Hitler's last offense -
Period: to
Operation Blackcock
Operation Blackcock - January 14-27 1945 → WWII operation to clear German troops from the Roer Triangle → Allied Victory → UK/Canada against Germany → UK/Canada: 1,152 casualties → Germany: approximately 2,000 casualties -
Liberation of Concentration Camps
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Yalta Conference
misunderstandings between US/USSR
Allies during war because they both hated Germany (US/USSR)
Big Three meet at Yalta (USSR/UK/US)
spheres of influence
after war, allied leaders would have various influences in regions throughout the world
pockets of democracy and communism
^ where you start to see the disagreement
worldwide freedom
people should determine the type of living they want to be in
Free elections - poland
Creation of UN
German occupation -
Period: to
Battle of Groningen
Germany determined to keep enemy forces off German soil → Allies moved northeast because wary of advancing into western Netherlands and incurring heavy casualties → City of Groningen → Allied victory → 300 German casualties → 43 Canadian casualties → 100 Dutch civilians
Significance: one of the largest urban battles for the Canadia Army. -
Death of Benito Mussolini
Shot by Italian Social Republic (Guilino, Italy) -
Death of Hitler
committed suicide (shot himself) (Berlin, Germany) -
Final German Surrender
all surrender during spring
Allied forces begin to take large numbers of Axis prisoners.
germans leave finland -
Berlin Declaration
regarding the defeat of Germany
confirmed continued existance of German Reich
include eastern territories
divided Allied-occupied Germany into four occupation zones according to the Yalta Conference. -
Postdam Conference
What to do with the world after war, and how to end the war against Japan
Stalin, Truman, Attlee meet
Truman doesn’t trust Stalin
hinting at new weapon
encourages Stalin to fight Japan
Stalin knows about bomb
wants influence -
Period: to
Paris Peace Conference
Treaty to End War with Germany - Paris Peace Conference 1946-1947
Allied Powers negotiated the details of a peace treaty to end WWII
The treaties allowed Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland to resume their responsibilities as sovereign states in international affairs and to qualify for membership in the United Nations.
to qualify for membership, you must prove that you are recognized as a legitimate country.
