War and Peace: International Relations 1890-1945

By samirmankani2025
  • Period: to

    Foundations of the German colonial empire laid

  • Treaty of Frankfurt

    War ended between France and Germany

  • League of the Three Empires created

    Russia, Austria and Germany
    Allowed to isolate France alone in Europe

  • Serbic revolt

    Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro revolted against Turkey
    They got defeated by the Turks
  • Period: to

    Russo-Turkish War

    Russian advance on Turkey for the Balkans.
    Set up a large pro-Russian Bulgaria

  • Congress of Berlin

    Revised the Treaty of San Stefano, shrinking Bulgaria by dividing it into three: a smaller autonomous Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia (Ottoman-controlled), and Ottoman Macedonia. The independence of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania was recognized, but with territorial limits. Austria-Hungary gained control over Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Britain obtained Cyprus to support the Ottomans against Russia. Led to Balkan War and WW1

  • Austro-German Alliance

    One attacked by Russia, the other would come to its rescue with 'the whole war strength' of its empire
    One of the two empires were attacked by any other power, its ally wold adopt a neutral but friendly attitude
    Treaty was in the first instant to last five years but could be renewed
    Secret, but in the event of Russian threats its gist would be leaked to the tsar to deter him from taking any further action

  • Three Emperors' Alliance

    If one of the three empires went to war with a fourth power (except for conflict between Austria and Russia), the other two would remain neutral.
    Aimed to limit Austro-Russian competition in the Balkans by diplomatically supporting each other’s regional interests.
    G:Prevent conflicts among the three empires, especially over Balkan territories. Isolate France, ensuring Germany was secure from a two-front war. Manage Russian and Austrian rivalry in the Balkans diplomatically rather than militarily

  • British forces landed in Egypt

  • Triple Alliance

    Bismarck worked with Italy to isolate France and maintain stability in Europe. In 1882, he included Italy in the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. This agreement pledged mutual defense if any member was attacked by France, creating a counterweight to French influence. Bismarck's goal was to secure Germany's position by aligning Italy and Austria-Hungary, preventing France from forming alliances that could threaten Germany's stability. This alliance continued until World War I.

  • Reinsurance Treaty

  • Bismarck dismissed

  • Period: to

    Weltpolitik

    Literally world policy or a policy that attempted to make Germany a global power

  • Franco-Russian Alliance

  • Anglo-French entente

  • Period: to

    The First Moroccan Crisis (1905-06)

    In the early 1900s, Morocco became a focal point of European imperialism. Germany, led by Kaiser Wilhelm II, supported Moroccan sovereignty, challenging France's control. This led to the Agadir Crisis of 1911. An international conference in Algeciras reaffirmed French control while giving Germany minor economic concessions, highlighting tensions between European powers.

  • Triple Entente

    Britain, Russia and France

  • The Second Moroccan Crisis

    Political instability in Morocco, including a rebellion against the Sultan, created an environment ripe for foreign intervention.
    Germany escalated the situation by sending the gunboat Panther to Agadir. This aggressive move was ostensibly to protect German citizens but was widely perceived as a power play against France. Crisis was defused with the Treaty of Berlin. Germa recognized F control over Morocco in exchange for territories in sub-Saharan Africa, notably parts of what is now Cameroon.

  • Outbreak of First World War

  • Treaty of London

    Italy joined the war. Rewards were meant to be land.

  • USA declared war on Germany

  • Bolshevik revoultion in Russia

  • Defeat of the Central Powers

  • Treaty of Versailles

  • Period: to

    Great Depression

  • Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany

  • Pact of Steel

    Military alliance with Germany and Italy

  • Germany declared war on Poland

  • Britain and France declared war on Germany

  • Italy declared war on Britain and France

  • Germany attacked USSR

  • Period: to

    Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

  • Unconditional surrender of Germany

  • Unconditional surrender of Japan